Tuesday, May 24, 2016

The Acheulian Goddess - earliest human art a Mother Goddess?

recently re-discovered this, and felt like sharing it again.  This may be  the earliest work of art ever found* that represents a human/primate figure.  I learned of this a few years back from  The Goddess Timeline.    It is a female figure carved in all probability  by pre-human (homo erectus) people. The Acheulian Goddess was carved by a nomadic hominid tribe who predated even the Neanderthal era, and  has been recently carbon dated as camping at Berekhat Ram (in the modern-day Golan Heights region of Israel) between 232,000 and 800,000 years ago! The Berekhat Ram Figurine (The Acheulian Goddess)  is a 35mm high fragment of volcanic rock (basaltic tuff) that was found between two layers of volcanic flow in the Levantine area of southern Syria. It is thought to be between 233,000 and 800,000 years old, dating from the Acheulian paleolithic era, and has been attributed to either Archaic Homo Sapiens or to Homo Erectus. The artisan is believed to have taken a small stone with existing feminine features, and used a flint tool to incise grooves delineating the head and arms, thus creating the oldest known human image.  From scoria stone they carved the astounding figurine which, according to the Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society,  "...might be considered the earliest manifestation of a work of art."

It is remarkable to note the similarities between the Willendorf and the far, far older Acheulian. Both figures are distinctly female, great breasted with featureless head and discrete limbs. Using flint tools, the maker of the Acheulian intentionally adapted an existing small stone which already had breast-like Mother Goddess features "...by adding incised grooves delineating the head and arms." Like Willendorf the Acheulian appears to have a groove suggestive of the sacred vulva.

Over a thousand miles and an amazing quarter-million years separate this piece from the famous Willendorf Goddess find in Austria.  Until the past few decades, the Willendorf, carved of bone circa 32,000 years ago, was held to be the earliest human crafted work of art and veneration.

In trying to find links to this for this article, I can't help but laugh at the "patriachal paradigm predjudice"  which is that these "venus" figures are somehow extremely ancient forms of pornography.  As if the image of life nurturing breasts, and vulva from which the miracle of birth ensues, could only  symbolize  male sexual pleasure.  

It took a brilliant women archeologist, Marija Gimbutas, to look at the  ubiquitious forms, previously called "fetish objects" and realize that they did not represent the Paleolithic notion of a playboy centerfold,  but rather, they were sacred talismens representing the Prime Deity, the body of the Goddess from which life issues and, as in cave arts, to which life returns as well.  They were probably carried for protection, fertility, and other spiritual reasons.  

An example of this extraordinary inability to see the obvious, not to mention an amazing dismissal of the abilities and needs of the female side of humanity going back half a million years............may be found in the article I quote from below, describing one of the "Earliest Representations of the Female Body"*** in which a (male) archeologist notes that the form is "sexually aggressive" and must have "been carved by a man to represent his girlfriend".  Amazing assumptions!***

 

 

 

 

Making Stone Cleavers - The Story of Prehistoric Cleavers

 

Sumerian Kingdom

 

Neanderthals were light skin people like Europeans and many Asians.

Neanderthal DNA in Modern Human Genomes Is Not Silent

Resurrecting surviving Neandertal lineages from modern human genomes

 

. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):1017-21.

doi: 10.1126/science.1245938. Epub 2014 Jan 29.

Resurrecting surviving Neandertal lineages from modern human genomes

Benjamin Vernot ¹ , Joshua M Akey

Affiliations

• PMID: 24476670
• DOI: 10.1126/science.1245938

  Europeans looked down on Neanderthals—until they ... Europeans looked down on Neanderthals—until they realized they shared their DNA

Europeans looked down on Neanderthals—until they ...

Once upon a time, scientists were convinced that Aboriginal Australians were further down the evolutionary ladder from other humans, perhaps closer to Neanderthals. In 2010 it turned out that Europeans are actually likely to have the most drops of Neanderthal blood, metaphorically speaking. In January 2014 an international team of leading archaeologists, geneticists, and anthropologists confirmed that humans outside Africa had bred with Neanderthals. Those of European and Asian ancestry have a very small but tangible presence of this now-extinct human in our lineage, up to around 4 percent of our DNA. People in Asia and Australia also bear traces of another known archaic human, the Denisovans. There is likely to have been breeding with other kinds of human as well. Neanderthals and Denisovans, too, mated with each other. Many in the deep past, it seems, were pretty indiscriminate in their sexual partnerships.

Wolpoff has always been sensitive to the controversy he helped to stoke. He faced down plenty of criticism when he and Thorne published their work. “We were the enemy,” he recalls. “If we were right, there couldn’t be a single recent origin for humans. . . . They said, you’re talking about the evolution of human races in separate places independently of each other.”

And their theory remains unproven. Academics in the West and in Africa today generally accept that humans became modern in Africa and then adapted to the environments where they happened to move to fairly recently in evolutionary time—these are only superficial adaptations, such as skin color. But not everyone everywhere agrees. In China, there’s a common belief among both the public and leading academics that Chinese ancestry goes back considerably further than the migration out of Africa. One of Wolpoff’s collaborators, Wu Xinzhi, a paleontologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has argued that fossil evidence supports the notion that Homo sapiens evolved separately in China from earlier human species who were living there more than a million years ago, despite data showing that modern Chinese populations carry about as much of a genetic contribution from modern humans who left Africa as other non-African populations do.

“There are many people who are not happy with the idea of African origin,” I’m told by Eleanor Scerri, an archaeologist based at the University of Oxford who researches human origins. “They have co-opted multiregionalism to make a claim that this is a simplistic idea, that races are real, and that people who have come from a particular area have always been there.” She tells me that this thinking appears to be prevalent not only in China but also in Russia. “There is no acceptance that they were ever African.”

 

Ancient DNA and Neanderthals

 

 

 

Viking longhouse above Arctic Circle is protective half-buried dwelling

Three hundred kilometers north of the Polar Circle, on the Lofoten Island of Vestvågøya, a farmer discovered the remains of the largest Viking Era longhouse ever uncovered. Archaeologists later uncovered remains of boathouses used by Viking Era chieftans to build the boats that would take them all across Europe to sell their fish.

Abandoned around around 950 AD, today the reconstructed longhouse (the chieftain’s house) measures 83 meters (272 ft) long and 9.5 meters (31 ft) wide. Inside, the Lofotr Viking Museum hosts nightly Viking feasts and demonstrations of tools of the era: the vertical loom, a bowl lathe, a shaving horse for basket weaving and basic tools for natural tanning of leather.

The boathouses and Viking ships of the era have been reconstructed in accordance of the technology of the time: the iron nails that allowed for the building of “way bigger ships”. This allowed for a more flexible ship that would twist and turn in big waves and allowed for long distance travel (even to the Americas) reaching speeds of 20 knots with good weather using woolen sails and open hulls.

The Lofoten Islands were rich in marine life and during the winter months they caught abundant amounts of cod which they then dried naturally. Despite being located at he 68th parallel north, the same parallel as central Greenland or northern Alaska, thanks to the Gulf Stream, the climate here is much milder.

With winter temperatures averaging around 0˚C and a near constant wind, these are ideal conditions for air drying fish without the need to smoke or salt it. This stockfish was then loaded onto ships and sailed to the rest of Europe.

— Lofotr Viking Museum: https://www.lofotr.no/en/lofotr-vikin...

On *faircompanies: https://faircompanies.com/videos/viki...

 

 

 

 

The Scythians were whites.

Scythians - Rise and Fall of the Original Horselords DOCUMENTARY

 

Its a shame that like many of the nomadic cultures they barely wrote about their own histories, its lucky for us that they were close to the Greeks who loved writing things down.

The Scythian tribe like Sacae & Massagetae that migrated to India have descendants in JAT tribe of Northern India & Pakistan. They still specialize in Agriculture & Animal husbandry and never give up the virtue of warrior as an example they are just 2% of Indian population but have largest number in Indian Army and have their own regiment in Army named after them as JAT Regiment.

Thank you for mentioning the archeological evidence of Scythian women's participation in warfare, as I feel it is often overlooked. To anyone wanting to know more, I recommend Adrienne Mayor's book The Amazons.

The Scythians were nomadic pastoralists and formidable warriors.

 

"Scythian" is a term used to denote a diverse but culturally related group of nomads who occupied a large swathe of grassland, or steppes, that stretched from north of the Black Sea all the way to China. Sometimes also known as Saka or Scyths, the name "Scythian" was coined by the ancient Greeks.

"Scythian culture flourished on the steppes from about 800 B.C. to about A.D. 300," Adrienne Mayor, a folklorist and historian at Stanford University and the author of "The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World" (Princeton University Press, 2014), told Live Science. 

The Scythians were known to many ancient civilizations, she said, including the ancient Greeks, Persians, Romans and Chinese, and they perfected the art of archery on horseback — even without the use of stirrups or saddles. They had a reputation for ferocity in battle and were masters of hit-and-run battle tactics. 

 

The origins of the Scythians and their empire

There is much debate about the origins of the Scythians. According to the fifth-century B.C. Greek historian Herodotus, the Scythians originally inhabited Asia but were pushed west by a hostile tribe. They eventually reached the Black Sea region and the eastern outskirts of Europe, where they, in turn, pushed out the existing inhabitants. By contrast, the Greek writer Diodorus Siculus, writing in the first century B.C., claimed that the Scythians moved north into the steppe region from the south, possibly from the modern area of Armenia or even farther south along the western border with India. 

In a different and far more fanciful origin story, Herodotus tells how the Scythians were the descendants of the mighty hero Heracles and a creature who was half woman and half snake. In this story, Heracles encountered the creature while traveling in the lands east of Greece. After stealing Heracles' horses, the creature demanded that if he wanted them back, he would have to stay and mate with her. The union produced three sons, one of whom was named Scythes, who became the ancestor of the Scythian nobility. 

Modern historians, however, have used archaeological and genetic evidence to reconstruct the Scythians' origins. 

"It appears that what we call Scythian culture emerged more than 2,500 years ago, as a combination of Siberian, East Asian, and Yamnaya Eurasian groups," Mayor told Live Science. "Just as the region of ancient Scythia had many different languages, great ethnic diversity is also found in Scythian ancestry, especially in the maternal line. All the studies so far confirm that Scythians were not a single homogeneous group." 

Although genetic studies are revealing a great deal about the makeup of the diverse peoples of the lands once known as Scythia, the full story is not yet known and still debated, Mayor noted.

Social organization and burials

The open grassland of the steppes — an environment of vast plains and low, rolling hills — was beneficial to pastoralism, and for millennia human populations in this landscape tended large herds of livestock. The Scythians were no exception. They tended herds of cattle and horses, according to Herodotus, and most people roamed the steppes rather than settling down in permanent habitations. According to World History Encyclopedia, the Scythians moved about the landscape in wagons driven by oxen. Some of these wagons were large and elaborate, with multiple rooms. When multiple wagons traveled together, the conglomeration resembled a city or large settlement. 

The Scythians were organized into tribes that were not united politically but shared a common language, culture, style of dress and art style. During certain periods, such as times of war or the celebration of ritual undertakings, different tribes came together to form larger political units or confederations. It is unclear whether Scythian society had sharp social divisions, such as hereditary elites, but in many respects they appear to have been relatively egalitarian, Mayor said — especially with regard to gender roles.

The historical and archaeological record indicates that Scythian women enjoyed considerable autonomy and privilege that would not be rivaled until modern times, according to World History Encyclopedia. For example, many Scythian women served alongside men as mounted horse archers (more on this below) and could hold leadership roles in Scythian society. Moreover, numerous Scythian burials show that women were often interred with as much elaborate offerings as men. In 2019, for instance, a burial containing four women was found that contained offerings typically reserved for men, including weapons and gold, the Smithsonian Magazine reported.

Herodotus mentioned the existence of Scythian "kings," using the term "Royal Scythians" to designate this group. He indicated that they were a separate tribe and lived in what is now the southern part of Ukraine, immediately north of the ancient Greek towns that clustered around the Black Sea. Herodotus indicated that they wielded considerable political and military power, and that they were a hereditary elite, but it is unclear what their relation was to the other Scythian tribes. 

When a Royal Scythian died, a large grave consisting of a "great four-cornered pit in the ground" was prepared, and the individual's body was placed inside, according to Herodotus. The individual was buried with his "concubines, his cupbearer, his cook, his groom, his squire, and his messenger, besides horses, and first-fruits of all else, and golden cups," Herodotus wrote (translated from ancient Greek.) The king's retainers then covered the grave with dirt and erected a mound, vying "zealously with one another to make this as great as may be." 

Archaeologists have excavated some of these high-status tombs, which are called kurgans. One of these, found in southern Siberia, dates from 2,800 years ago and was wider than the length of a football field, Live Science previously reported. It contained the burial of a man and woman and was filled with gold jewelry, weapons, richly decorated cups (some with traces of drugs like opium) and other grave goods.

Scythian clothes, tattoos and artwork

Several classical writers mention the Scythians' distinctive dress, describing the men as wearing peaked caps, colorful tunics and, most characteristically, long trousers that reached down to the ankles. The Scythians were fond of elaborate designs, intricate embroidery and bold colors. Men and women wore boots that were, like the Scythian attire in general, colorful and emblazoned with many designs and patterns. One of these, a woman's boot, was found in the Altai Mountains in central Asia and dates to around 2,300 years ago, ZME Science reported. 

The Scythians were famous for their practice of tattooing. Designs of real and mythical animals, many rendered in highly stylized patterns, were especially prominent on arms and legs. According to The Siberian Times, the mummy of a young woman, dubbed the Ukok Princess, was found in 1993; she displayed a series of elaborate tattoos, including depictions of a deer, a panther and a griffon. Other tattooed mummies have been found throughout the ancient Scythian region.

Many ancient accounts mention the Scythians' love of gold artwork and jewelry. Numerous pieces of Scythian art — including pendants, clasps, brooches, necklaces, combs and choker-like necklaces known as gorgets — have been found in kurgans. Like Scythian tattooing, these pieces are distinctive for their intricate designs and stylized ornamentation. There is evidence that Greek merchants may have been responsible for creating some of these gold pieces and that a lively trade existed between the Greeks and Scythians, according to Realm of History, with several pieces imported from the Greek mainland. Like Scythian tattoos, these works of art often depict animals.

Scythian religion

According to World History Encyclopedia, the Scythian religion was an amalgam between Greek religion, which the Scythians may have adopted as a result of contact with far-flung Greek colonists, and older shamanistic elements, such as animal worship. Scholars are still largely in the dark about the specifics of Scythian religion, though the little that is known comes primarily from Herodotus. He claimed that the Scythians, like many ancient peoples, were polytheistic — that is, they worshipped a plethora of deities. Herodotus mentioned eight gods as constituting the Scythian pantheon, all of whom had Greek counterparts. This included the two main gods, Tabitha, who was a goddess of fire and the hearth and most closely associated with the Greek deity Hestia, and Papaeus, the god of the sky who resembled the Greek god Zeus. The other Scythian deities included Goetosyrus (Apollo), Argimpasa (Aphrodite), Api (Mother-Earth), and three additional gods whom Herodotus does not name but associated, respectively, with Ares, Hercules and Poseidon. 

One of the most revered deities in the Scythian pantheon was Ares, the Greek god of war. "It is their practice to make images and altars and shrines for Ares, but for no other god," Herodotus wrote. The Scythians frequently sacrificed animals to the gods, such as sheep, goats and cattle, typically using a garrote (iron collar or cord) to strangle the beasts. To Ares, however, Scythians sacrificed both animals and humans. In Book IV, Herodotus described how prisoners of war were occasionally sacrificed to Ares; this occurred at a shrine that had a built-in sword, the symbol of Ares. During human sacrifices, prisoners were reportedly killed with this weapon. "They pour wine on the men's heads and cut their throats over a vessel; then they carry the blood up onto the pile of sticks and pour it on the [sword]," Herodotus wrote. 

The older elements of Scythian religion are demonstrated through the propitiation of animals and shamanism. Herodotus described a class of shamans among the Scythians, using the term "diviners." He described them as hereditary and having the power to tell the future — a gift given to them by their Aphrodite-like goddess, Argimpasa. However, if a prediction didn't come to fruition, the diviner could be put to death, usually by burning. These diviners also had the ability to effect cures using herbs and various medicinal plants.

Scythian warriors and weapons

Herodotus wrote of the Scythians' military prowess, describing this aspect of their lives in great detail and categorizing them as "invincible and unassailable." Scythian warriors could achieve high status through skill in battle. "[A Scythian warrior] carried to his king the heads of all whom he has slain in battle, for he receives his share of the booty if he brings a head, but not otherwise," Herodotus wrote  (translated from ancient Greek).

The Scythians were especially renowned for their skill as mounted archers. 

"Scythian male and female mounted archers were admired and feared by Greeks, Romans, Persians, and the Chinese, whose Great Wall was built to defend against them," Mayor said. 

The Scythians' primary weapon was the composite bow, which was made of wood, horn and sinew. It was a remarkably durable and accurate weapon. Scythian warriors also carried an array of other weapons, such as axes, swords, spears and maces. Their military skill was recognized by the many civilizations around them, and Scythian warriors frequently served as mercenaries in foreign armies, such as with the Persian empire and the forces of the Greco-Persian king Mithridates VI.

Scythian women and the myth of the Amazons

The Scythians have often been associated with the legend of the Amazons — fierce women warriors who figure prominently in ancient Greek mythology. Diodorus Siculus was one of the ancient writers who asserted the prominent martial role of Scythian women. "For among these peoples the women train for war just as do the men and in acts of manly valor are in no wise inferior to the men. Consequently, distinguished women have been the authors of many great deeds," he wrote (translated from ancient Greek).

Mayor has explored the connection between the myth and reality of these stalwart women warriors. 

"Greek writers such as Herodotus, Plato, Strabo and Pausanias all linked the Amazons of myth to the real, flesh-and-blood women among the warlike Scythian nomads of the steppes," she said. "Now, thanks to recent and spectacular archaeological discoveries of more than 300 ancient women, some with combat injuries, buried with their weapons and horses across ancient Scythia, we know that Greek literature and art about Amazons were strongly influenced by the lives of steppe nomad mounted archers.

The twilight of the Scythian world

Herodotus described a great war between the Scythians and the Persians, under Darius I of the Achaemenid dynasty. It began in 513 B.C. when Darius invaded Scythian lands, intent on subjugating the people living there and bringing them under the Persian yoke. But the campaign proved disastrous; harried by Scythian cavalry, tired by long marches and the unrelenting vastness of the lands they were trying to conquer, the Persian army ultimately turned back. This defeat enabled the Scythians to expand their influence by moving westward into northern Greece and Thrace. 

But the Scythians were not so lucky several centuries later. Their power ebbed as they suffered a series of military defeats, first at the hands of Philip II of Macedon (the father of Alexander the Great) in 339 B.C. and then by the Sarmatians, a people culturally and linguistically related to the Scythians, in a prolonged conflict that lasted from the fourth century B.C. to the second century A.D., according to Britannica. They also suffered a major military defeat during the second century B.C., when Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus, in northern Anatolia, decisively defeated Scythian forces and incorporated Scythian warriors into his own army.

A severe blow to Scythian society and political hegemony came during the fourth century A.D., when the Scythians were devastated by the Huns, mounted nomadic warriors from Eurasia who, under their ruler Attila, invaded Europe in the fifth century A.D. According to World History Encyclopedia, the Scythians may have been assimilated by the Goths at this time. Some scholars believe that the Ossetians, who occupy parts of southern Russia and the Caucasus Mountain region, may derive their ancestry from the Scythians.

Mayor, however, cautioned that tales of a culture's ultimate demise can be misleading.

"Although the ancient Scythian culture as the ancient Greeks, Romans and Persians knew them faded with upheavals in the Middle Ages, extinction or integration with other tribes, and the rise of Islam — and despite the modern history of continual conquests, displacements, oppression, and other turbulent events — Scythian traditions never really disappeared," she said. "Scythian customs and expertise in mounted archery continued with the Parthians, the Mongols, and others, and Scythian riding and archery skills and egalitarian values persist in some nomadic and semi-nomadic groups living in Central Asia today."

Additional resources

• Watch a video about the Scythians by historian Barry Cunliffe, author of "The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe."
• Read Discover Magazine's article about the warrior women of ancient Scythia.
• Learn about the ancient Scythians at the British Museum.

Originally published on Feb. 10, 2022. Updated on March 18, 2022.

Bibliography

 

 

Were Ancient Europeans in Pre-Columbian America?

 

 

 

Guided tour through the exhibition 'Doggerland' at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden

 

 

 

Stone shaver

White European decorated bone

Red Dear

 

 

Did Civilisation Begin At Karahan Tepe? - Humanity before Göbekli Tepe // Prehistory Documentary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 The Strange Rituals of Siberian Bear Cults

 

 

The Black Sea was a fresh water lake before the end of Ice Age in Europe.

The Extraordinary Hunt For Preserved Ancient Shipwrecks From Civilizations Long Lost | Timeline

 Four years in the making, this two-part television series follows the world’s largest Maritime Archaeological Expedition in exploring how the Black Sea formed after the last ice age. Could it have been the origin of Noah’s flood?

Led by charismatic chief scientist Jon Adams, the team send space aged remote survey vehicles 2 kilometres underwater to scan the seabed. In seeking geological clues, they quickly make remarkable finds: over 70 shipwrecks almost perfectly preserved in the chilly, oxygen-depleted water of this near landlocked sea. The films reveal extraordinary ships from the Ottoman, Byzantine, Roman and Greek civilisations.

They include discoveries that are unique worldwide: the most perfectly preserved Roman vessel ever and the only preserved Greek warship known. The series witnesses the highs and lows of the handpicked international team of world-class scientists, on their remarkable journey into the past. Their adventures at sea include extreme dives to depths of 100m, tense recovery operations struggling to salvage amphora from Roman ships and costly equipment failures that threaten their entire operation.

Discover the past on History Hit with ad-free exclusive podcasts and documentaries released weekly presented by world renowned historians Dan Snow, Suzannah Lipscomb, Matt Lewis and more.

 

 

 

 

44,000 Year Old Neanderthal Mammoth Bone Shelter

We are going to take a look at the oldest Mammoth Bone shelter, created around 44,000 by Neanderthals. This would be the oldest use of mammoth bones as building material, and this would mean that Neanderthals were the very first to create these and not Homo sapiens, us modern humans. As the oldest mammoth bone shelters discovered by archaeologists that were created by Homo sapiens date to 25,000 years ago.

 

Neanderthal napping process graphics showing top right hand corner.

 

The Earth 500,000 Years Ago | 500,000 Subscribers Special

 What was our planet like 500,000 years ago? What sorts of animals were around? What was the climate and geography like? And which human species were alive?

 

Life in the time of CRO-MAGNON - Homo Sapiens - Prehistory Documentary - MG

 

Whites had phallus fertility festivals.

Women in Nagaoka, Japan ride a giant wooden phallus as part of the Hodare Festival

 Women in Nagaoka, Japan celebrate the Hodare Festival by riding a large wooden phallus, which is believed to bring fertility and marital bliss. Participants of the festival were seen praying to and touching the phallic symbol, seeking prosperity in their marriages.

 

 

How Dogs (Eventually) Became Our Best Friends

 We’re still figuring out the details, but most scientists agree that it took thousands of years of interactions to develop our deep bond with dogs. When did they first become domesticated? Where did this happen? And what did the process look like, in terms of genetics and anatomy?

 

 

Glassandcandy

 

 

Comment: Early writing in Europe.

Europe's First Civilization: the Vinča Culture

 

 

Comment: Early writing in Europe.

 

 

Danube Script from Old Europe 5000 - 3500 BC

 Harald Haarmann (world's leading expert on scripts and languages) states that the Danube script is the oldest known writing in the world. Much older than Mesopotamian writing. The Danube culture was an egalitarian civilization which existed 8000 years ago in Eastern Europe (Romania, Bulgaria, Moldavia .....) and is indeed the cradle of civilization, not the Middle East.

 

Stunning Prehistoric European Artifacts Of Car Like Object

 Several fascinating ancient artifacts offer excellent evidence our ancestors were familiar with the wheel and produced small objects similar to our modern cars

. However, there are also a number of very interesting artifacts showing very curious car-like models. One of them was discovered by curator of the National Museum in Hungary F. Romer. It is a car-like object with a primitive deity depicted on it.

Many car-like ancient objects can also be traced to the Danube Valley civilization, a mysterious European culture, which left a legacy in form of valuable artifacts covered with an unknown, never successfully deciphered script. These artifacts have been excavated from sites in south-east Europe. The culture that flourished from about 6000 BC to 3000 BC, was named Vinca-Tordos Culture of Serbia and western Romania and derived its name from the village of Vinca located on the banks of Danube river, only 14 km downstream from Belgrade. Near the village of Dupljaja in the vicinity of Bela Crkva, Serbia 95 km from Belgrade and 35 km from Vršac, there are remains of a prehistoric settlement originating from the Middle Bronze Age. At this place archaeologists discovered two carts made of terracotta. Sitting inside the carts are bird-shaped humanoids. The artifacts are kept at the National Museum in Belgrade. It is clear that our ancestors were much more advanced than it is commonly believed.

March Of The Titans

 

 

The origin of cheese: European prehistoric farmers quickly added cheese to their diet 7,500 years

 Researchers on Wednesday said they found the earliest known chemical evidence of cheese-making, based on the analysis of milk-fat residues in pottery dating back about 7,200 years. Not only did cheese provide a key source of nutrition for prehistoric Europeans, it also allowed them a way to store milk long-term.

 

 

 

How Did Ancient Rome Begin? | Ancient Rome Documentary

 

 

 This video is a special Epilogue to Chapter 2 of our series. It covers the origins of Rome, from a small Latin settlement, to the Roman Kingdom under its Seven Legendary Kings. It then goes through the early Roman Republic until the Sack of Rome and its rebirth in the early 300s BCE.

The Roman Kingdom (also referred to as the Roman monarchy, or the regal period of ancient Rome) was the earliest period of Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled by kings. According to oral accounts, the Roman Kingdom began with the city's founding c. 753 BC, with settlements around the Palatine Hill along the river Tiber in central Italy, and ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic c. 509 BC.

The Roman Republic was a state of the classical Roman civilization, run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period—from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.

Roman society under the Republic was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organization developed, at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate The top magistrates were the two consuls, who had an extensive range of executive, legislative, judicial, military, and religious powers. Even though a small number of powerful families (called gentes) monopolised the main magistracies, the Roman Republic is generally considered one of the earliest examples of representative democracy. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.

Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, the Republic was in a state of quasi-perpetual war throughout its existence. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours as well as the Gauls, who even sacked the city in 387 BC. The Republic nonetheless demonstrated extreme resilience and always managed to overcome its losses, however catastrophic.

Little is certain about the kingdom's history as no records and few inscriptions from the time of the kings survive. The accounts of this period written during the Republic and the Empire are thought largely to be based on oral tradition.

 

  How was Rome founded? - History of the Roman Empire - Part 1

"The story of the founding of Rome it’s a tale that was often told by the Romans as the earliest history of their ancient city. As the legend goes… Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by twin brothers, Romulus and Remus. According to tradition, the boys were the sons of Rhea Silvia, a daughter of King Numitor of Alba Longa, who was impregnated by the god of war, Mars…"

 

A Neanderthal Odyssey: Everything We Know about the Neanderthals

 

 

White people (White Europeans) during the Ice Age in Europe.

Europeans (Whites) were not black in the past. In spite of all this cheddar man crap, ancient European (Whites) people would look much like today. DNA shows ancient Egyptians are about the same as today. Same with a lot of people in the British Isles and Europe.

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The following information is to give evidence that the White European Caucasians (White People) who live in the British Isles across to Russia today including the rest of Europe are indigenous to those regions and they have been there for thousands of years.  

It is important to note that some White Jews may view themselves differently than whites. However, for centuries, Jews considered themselves to be white, which is equivalent to being European. In light of the historical persecution faced by both Jews and whites, it is crucial to avoid division and recognize that White Jews and whites share a common ancestry and European heritage.

This article aims to remind White Jews that Israel is their religious homeland and Europe is their racial homeland, and that they are indigenous to Europe along with other whites, forming a brotherhood and sisterhood. It is crucial to acknowledge the rich history of  White Jews, including their Ice Age ancestry, before their conversion to Judaism.

Our ancient European Caucasian ancestors(white &  white Jews ) were transient beings who migrated cross the lands that make up Europe and the British Isles and they are viewed by historians and the scientific community as one people.  It matters not what your religion or passport says; Christianity, Judaism, Scandinavia, Russia, France – none of these religions or nationalities existed in the original settlements of human beings in Europe.

White people (White Europeans) who live in the United States, Canada, South America, Israel, Australia, and South Africa are indigenous to Europe and should have the right of return to live in their ancient homeland.

   
The Inventions of the Jewish People. 

Israeli Professor Shlomo Sand is challenging notions of a Jewish people quoted in his new book, "those who claim to be all of the Jewish people cannot claim a blood connection with the original Jewish inhabitants of the holy land, but converts along the way."

Related Video:

Shlomo Sand - The invention of the Jewish People 

Israelis: Was your family here before 1948?

Arab Israelis: Where do you come from?

Jewish language

"The modern Hebrew language being a European hybrid......also is known to have copied Arabic words and Arabic roots to make up new "Hebrew" neologisms and calques."

There is scholarly view that goes beyond what even the famous linguist Ghil'ad Zuckerman States that:

 "modern Hebrew" is simply a form of Yiddish (Yiddish be an Indo-European Language) with some new made-up "Hebrew" neologism (often from Arabic) sprinkled in."

The majority of Jews did not come from Israel. They are European Caucasians with the majority from Europe, and some came from the Middle East or the Khazar tribes in Khazaria area in Southern Russia.  Many Jews have blue eyes and blonde hair, who's origins originated in Europe.

It is estimated that the majority of Jews in western countries are actually white Europeans and many have blue eyes, blonde hair and European facial features which only originated from cold climates.  Regardless of this most Jews are indoctrinated from birth into believing that they are a distinct race separate from their European brothers and sisters.  It is a belief that was started by the Globalist and anti-Semitic Zionists, ie. that they are different to all others and while there is a classical "Jewish" look held by some Jews due to the strong breeding within only Jewish families, most people of Jewish descent look no different to Europeans. The Japanese are the same race as Chinese and were indoctrinated from birth and during the Second World War, that they were different from the Chinese. This attitude resulted in the systemic killing and eradication of many innocent Chinese civilians and we need to ensure that this attitude of difference is stopped as it is now in the process of destroying Europe and the Europeans.  

Many white Europeans have been converted to the Jewish faith over the centuries and it is worth remembering that during the time of the ice age there were no Jews anywhere on earth.  The Jewish belief and faith has simply been invented over the centuries and used as a kind of class warfare against other groups to gain money and power by a small group.

 Clearly these Israelis from European backgrounds are not Semites. It's written all over their faces.

Where are Ashkenazi Jews from? Their Origins May Surprise You

 "It appears that the majority of the European converts to Judaism during the early years of the Diaspora were women. That helps explain why the Ashkenazim can trace their female lineage to southern and western Europe."

DNA Tests Cannot Be Trusted

The Mystery of European Hair, Eye, and Skin Color

White European and West Eurasians Videos

Woolly Mammoth || Can We See Them Roaming On This Earth Again ?

 

 

 

 

 

What Race are you?

White European Racial Pride.  What race are You?

  

White European Caucasian Indigenous History and paintings

Did The Earth Totally Freeze For 100 Million Years?

 

 

Picture on the right was painted in Lascaux cave in Southern France over 15,000 years ago by Ice Age white Europeans (White people).  The Lascaux complex contains some of the most remarkable Palaeolithic cave paintings in the world.  One of our organization's goals is to unite European Caucasians worldwide by teaching them about our ancestors before the advent of today's major religions – Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

Today, White people are scattered all over the world and many no longer identify themselves with their homeland Europe,  which must change.  We must begin to truly think of the nations of Europe as sacred ground; it is the land and the blood of our ancestors going back thousands of years, many of whom fought to keep it safe for us, their descendants.  We need to do our part now in order to pass it on, intact to our future generations.

White people should be proud of their ancestors who have done many wondrous things including those who painted in caves and on cliffs in Europe.

The photo of the skull (pictured left) was taken at the British Museum, London, and is the oldest of human fossils found outside Africa from Georgia in Southern Russia, Eastern Europe as being 1.8 million years old.  People have been living in the regions we call Europe and the Middle East along with Central Asia for longer than many people realize.

If you walked behind the owner of this skull when he was alive and he was dressed in a modern outfit, you would think that he was just another human being until you looked at his face.  Then you would notice that he was slightly different, based on the brow ridge and facial features.

It is worth remembering that the average height of Homo erectus was 6 ft., they did not walk like monkeys. They walked around like human beings do today.  Homo erectus based on recent research lived between 1.8 million years – 100,000 years ago.

European researchers claim earliest humans evolved in Europe

 European researchers stand by their study that the earliest humans evolved in Europe and not in Africa. But local scientists dispute the claims saying no reliable evidence has been provided to support that view.

 

 

 

The Petralona Human Skull That Challenges the 'Out of Africa' Theory

 

 

The skull (pictured right), discovered in Northern Greece has the potential to change what we know

about human evolution.  This skull, known as the Petralona Skull was found in 1959 embedded in a wall and was given to the University of Thessaloniki from the Petralona community with the conditions that after examination it would be put on public display by the museum with information about the skull that was discovered. 

The ‘Petralona man’, as it has since been called, was found to be 700,000 years old, making it the oldest human Europeoid (presenting European traits), of that age ever discovered in Europe. The academic responsible for researching the cave and skull, Dr. Poulianos, argues that this hominid evolved separately in Europe and was not an ancestor of a species that came out of Africa.

Independent researchers tried to dismiss these findings, arguing that the skull was only 50,000 years old and was indeed an ancestor that came from Africa. Then only a decade later in 1971, research from the US was published backing up the findings that the skull was indeed 700,000 years old.  This case was made on the analysis of the cave’s stratigraphy and the sediment in which the skull was embedded.  Further research in the cave discovered isolated teeth and two pre-human skeletons dating back 800,000 years, as well as other fossils of various species.

Today, most academics who have analyzed the Petralona remains say that the cranium belongs to an archaic hominid distinguished from Homo erectus, and from both the classic Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans, but showing characteristics of all those species and presenting strong European traits.  A skull dating back 700,000 years ago which is either Homo sapien or part Homo sapien is in direct conflict with the 'Out of Africa' theory of human evolution.  Dr. Poulianos’ findings contradicted conventional views regarding human evolution, as a result his research was suppressed.  He and his team have been denied further access to the cave to complete their research and study, and the whereabouts of the skull is now unknown.  

Petralona cave

It is interesting to note that there has been completely separate research completed and published in the last 5 years which also shows evidence that Homo erectus was found in Eurasia as far back as 1.8 million years ago. The discovery of the Dmanisi Skull 5 (pictured left) has certainly caused a lot of discussion in the paleontological world with new theories being that Homo erectus possibly evolved in Eurasia, and then migrated into Africa considering the dates.

New discovery suggests Homo erectus originated from Asia

"How "African" was the early human dispersal out of Africa?"

Skull discovery sheds light on human species

Bacteria found in Otzi the iceman could turn the Out of Africa theory on ... Video for otzi stumps ' out of africa' theory

 

 

 

 

The table below shows the different glacial and interglacial periods as there were actually more than one..

  Ice Age Britain

 

YEARS AGO	NAME OF PERIOD	CLIMATE
750,000 – 350,000	Cromerian Interglacial	Warm
350,000 – 250,000	Anglian Glacial	Cold
250,000 – 200,000	Hoxnian Interglacial	Warm
200,000 – 125,000	Wolstonian Glacial	Cold
125,000 – 72,000	Ipswichian Interglacial	Warm
72,000 – 12,000	Devensian Glacial	Cold

COLD STAGES

During the cold stages, the sea levels would be much lower than today, by up to 120 metres. Today, we can see the remains of the cold stages through fossilised tree trunks, submerged in today's seawater but visible at extremely low tides. During the lower sea levels animals and man could walk freely towards Europe. Amazing remains of Ice Age beasts were unearthed from Kents Cavern during the Victorian period.

WARM STAGES

As the planet's temperature rose, the ice sheets melted and the sea levels began to rise once again, closing off the established links to Europe. Plant life would flourish and warm weather animals began to appear, in Joint Mitnor Cave just 20 miles from Kents Cavern. Remains of straight tusked elephants, bison and even hippopotamus were found.

 END

Hippos & mammoths in Worcestershire?

The Ice Age was not always cold: hippos once wallowed in Worcestershire’s warm pools. Over the last 2.5 million years – a period we call ‘The Ice Age’ and known geologically as the Quaternary – the climate fluctuated between icy glacials and warmer interglacials. As temperatures rose species were able to expand into new areas, before being pushed back further south as the climate turned icy.

During warm interglacials, herds of horses, bison and aurochs would have roamed the open grasslands of Britain. Beavers and dolphins swam in our rivers; at the height of the Hoxnian Interglacial (around 400,000 years ago) oak forests were home to deer and macaque monkeys. The gentler climate meant that early humans gradually returned to Britain and the stone tools that they left behind have been found at places like Swanscombe in Kent and Boxgrove in West Sussex.

Lions, bears, wolves and these early humans would have hunted large animals like rhinoceros and the straight tusked elephant. Straight tusked elephants are now extinct but they were once the largest Ice Age animal of all, twice as large as elephants today and even bigger than a mammoth. They could grow to four metres in height and ten tonnes in weight and their straight tusks could grow to over three metres in length.

Around 130,000 – 115,000 years ago, a particularly warm interglacial allowed tropical species to live in Britain. Hippopotamus bones have been found in Worcestershire at Eckington, Bengeworth and Stourbridge. Spotted hyenas, lions and narrow-nosed rhinoceros are also known to have lived in Britain during this time.

 END

 

 

"Researchers estimate the prints are between 800,000 and 1 million years old".

 

 

Oldest Human Footprints Outside of Africa Found

 Homo erectus

 

 

 

 

 Homo erectus, our ancient ancestor

Homo erectus

Construction

In 1962, a 366 cm × 427 cm × 30 cm (12 ft × 14 ft × 1 ft) circle made with volcanic rocks was discovered in Olduvai Gorge. At 61–76 cm (2–2.5 ft) intervals, rocks were piled up to 15–23 cm (6–9 in) high. British palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey suggested the rock piles were used to support poles stuck into the ground, possibly to support a windbreak or a rough hut. Some modern day nomadic tribes build similar low-lying rock walls to build temporary shelters upon, bending upright branches as poles and using grasses or animal hide as a screen.^[99] Dating to 1.75 Mya, it is the oldest claimed evidence of architecture.^[100]

In Europe, evidence of constructed dwelling structures dating to or following the Holstein Interglacial (which began 424 kya) has been claimed in Bilzingsleben, Germany; Terra Amata, France; and Fermanville and Saint-Germain-des-Vaux in Normandy. The oldest evidence of a dwelling (and a campfire) in Europe comes from Přezletice, Czech Republic, 700 kya during the Cromerian Interglacial. This dwelling's base measured about 3 m × 4 m (9.8 ft × 13.1 ft) on the exterior and 3 m × 2 m (9.8 ft × 6.6 ft) on the interior, and is considered to have been a firm surface hut, probably with a vaulted roof made of thick branches or thin poles, supported by a foundation of big rocks and earth, and likely functioned as a winter base camp.^[101]

 

 

 

 

 

 Swanscombe Woman

 

Swanscombe Heritage Park

The area was already known for the finds of numerous Palaeolithic-era handaxes—mostly Acheulean and Clactonian artifacts, some as much as 400,000 years old—when in 1935/1936 work at Barnfield Pit uncovered two fossilised skull fragments. These fragments came to be known as the remains of Swanscombe Man but were later found to have belonged to a young woman.^[7] The Swanscombe skull has been identified as early Neanderthal^[8] or pre-Neanderthal,^[9] dating to the Hoxnian Interglacial around 400,000 years ago.^[6]

 

It is actually believed some parts of the skull belonging to the face may still be missing.

The 400,000 year old Swanscombe skull and the Ebbsfleet Elephant at the heart of Kent's prehistoric metropolis

They say if you don't know where you've come from, you don't know where you're going.

Thankfully for the residents of Swanscombe and Kent they don't have far to travel to piece together a vital piece of early human history.

It's hard to imagine now but homes along the Thames Estuary were once on land which hyenas, cave lions and huge mammoth-sized elephants freely roamed.

They were joined by perhaps the town's oldest resident – a 400,000 year old ancestor to the Neanderthal species – known as the Swanscombe woman.

Swanscombe is one of only two sites in Britain where actual human remains of this very early period have been found.

Between 1997 and 2004 a series of archaeological excavations were carried out in the Ebbsfleet Valley in advance of High Speed 1's passage into Kent .

They were led by Dr Francis Wenban-Smith, a research professor of archaeology at the University of Southampton, working in partnership with Oxford Archaeology who commissioned the dig, near the Swanscombe Skull site.

Together they safely removed a 400,000-year-old elephant tusk from a building site near Swan Valley Community School on Southfleet Road, now Ebbsfleet Academy.

The mammoth find was one-and-a-half metres long and belonged to an extinct species of straight tusked elephants, capable of resting their chins on the back of their African Savannah equivalents today.

The Ebbsfleet elephant

People Killed Elephant.

The marshy valley teems with life. Herds of deer, aurochs, and a troop of macaque monkeys jostle for space as they wait their turn to drink from a sluggish, spring-fed stream. On the far bank a rhinoceros laps steadily at the water, its horned head obscured by thick reed-beds carpeting the valley floor in verdant green. Encroaching forest has been trampled down by heavy hooves to form a clearing, while nearby vegetation has been stripped almost bare by voracious grazing. On a low chalk cliff overlooking the valley, a huge male lion lazes watchfully near the carcass of a day-old kill. And towering over everything is a majestic, solitary bull elephant, ambling down the valley side towards the water’s edge.

Without warning, a pack of strongly built men burst from their hiding place in the undergrowth. Brandishing sturdy wooden spears and uttering harsh hunting cries, they close in on the startled elephant. It is a well-practised ambush. The men have been hiding patiently for many hours at a favoured hunting site. They approach cautiously at first, snapping like wolves at the elephant’s flanks, wary of tusks that slice through the air like scythes. Some of the group fling their spears at close range, while the more experienced hunters aim for the elephant’s eyes in the hope of blinding the enraged animal.

More than twice the height of a man, the lumbering beast cannot turn quickly enough to protect itself from every direction. The hunters dart close to fling their spears with terrific force, before leaping clear, and the elephant gradually weakens, succumbing to the deadly hail of spears. As the mighty beast collapses onto a patch of sun-baked clay beside the mire, its blood is oozing from numerous puncture wounds. The hunters close in for the kill.

As their initial excitement subsides, one of the men searches the ground for suitable flint nodules, which are plentiful along the stream bank. Using another flint as a hammerstone, the hunter squats beside the elephant and, with a few deft strikes, splits the nodule into a handful of razor-sharp blades and scrapers. Before long the whole group, brandishing similar tools, is butchering the carcass, expertly stripping away the most prized cuts. Several of the hunters slice at the fatty foot-pads, another smashes the skull open with a rock to scoop out the brain. Working together, two others lever the jaw off with a branch and start cutting at the elephant’s tongue. When they are done, only the hide, bones, and tusks are left to mark where the beast fell. The death of this elephant means life for their tribe. Almost everything they need to survive can be won from its bloody carcass.

 

 Astonishing recent finds include eight complete wooden spears from a 300,000-year-old wild-horse hunting camp at Schöningen in Germany. These well-preserved wooden artefacts exhibit a high level of craftsmanship. At Lehringen, another German site, a spear was found apparently embedded in a straight-tusked elephant’s ribcage. The Southfleet Road evidence is less explicit, but a wooden spearpoint has been found in the Thames Estuary at Clacton-on-Sea, indicating that early hominins with comparable capabilities were active in southern Britain around 400,000 years ago.

 

 

 

 How Doggerland Sank Beneath The Waves (500,000-4000 BC) // Prehistoric Europe Documentary

 

 

 

 Homo Heidelbergensis

 

  Die Sandgrube Grafenrain - Fundort des Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis Homo Heidelbergensis

3D interactive model of (Homo heidelbergensis) skull cast

  Species Shorts: Homo heidelbergensis

 

 

Schöningen spears

The Schöningen spears are a set of ten wooden weapons from the Palaeolithic Age that were excavated between 1994 and 1999 from the 'Spear Horizon' in the open-cast lignite mine in Schöningen, Helmstedt district, Germany. They were found together with animal bones and stone and bone tools.^[1][2][3][4] The excavations took place under the management of Hartmut Thieme of the Lower Saxony State Service for Cultural Heritage (NLD).

Shaft section

 

Description and function

Most of the spears were made using trunks of slow-growing spruce trees, except for spear IV, which is made from pine. The complete spears vary in length from 1.84 to 2.53 m (6.04 to 8.30 ft), with diameters ranging from 29 to 47 mm (1.14 to 1.85 in).^[26] The wooden finds were exposed to sedimentary pressure, and there are varying degrees of deformation.

The spears were debarked and have evidence of working traces at both ends, demonstrating that they were shaped to be double pointed.^[27] One exception is Spear VI, which does not appear to taper at the back. The points of the spears made use of the bases of trees, which is harder wood, while the soft inner pith is offset from the tip.^[28] These features suggest an awareness of the properties of wood, and the design in such a way as to maximise the hardness of wood.

Like today’s tournament javelins, the greatest diameter and therefore likely the centre of gravity is located in the front third of the shaft of at least some of the spears.^[29] In addition, most of the spears, with the exception of Spear VI, taper at both the front and the back, which may assist flight aerodynamics. This led many to suggest that they may have been designed as thrown spears, similar to a modern javelin.

Experimental research using experienced athletes to throw replicas of Spear II show that the spears are capable of being thrown at distances of at leat 15–20 m, and are similar in weight and balance to javelins.^[30][31][32] However, Spear VI, which does not taper at the back and also has a natural kink, is interpreted as a thrusting spear,^[33] and replicas of Spear II have also been experimentally tested as thrusting spears.^[34] Ethnographically, wooden spears were used as both thrusting and throwing spears.^[35] Together the evidence suggests that the Schöningen spears most likely had multiple uses including for self-defence against dangerous predators such as saber-toothed cats, with whom the humans shared the landscape.^[36]

Other discoveries

In addition to the spears and double-pointed sticks, a charred wooden stick made of spruce and measuring 87.7 by 3.6 cm was also found at Schöningen 13 II-4, and is interpreted as a possible skewer.^[37] Hundreds of additional wooden fragments from the site are the subject of ongoing research by a multidisciplinary team.

Also among the finds are the so-called 'clamp shafts', excavated from locality Schöningen 12b, a site that formed earlier than Schöningen 13 II-4. These tools were made from the extremely hard wooden branch-bases of the European silver fir. They are noticeably worked and may have been used as handles for stone tools.^[38]

As of 2015, around 1500 stone tools and over 12,000 animal bones were found.^[39] The stone tools comprise denticulates, some bifacially worked tools, retouched flakes and scrapers, but there are no handaxes or handaxe thinning flakes.^[40] As such the stone tools are interpreted as late Lower Palaeolithic in nature. The majority of animal bones with signs of butchery belong to an extinct species of horse (Equus mosbachensis). Also present are red deer and large bovids.^[41][42] Marks on the bones suggest that the humans had first access to the carcasses, and that carnivores such as wolves and sabre-tooth cats accessed the bones later. Marks from stone tools suggest that humans worked together to butcher their prey.^[43] Bone tools have also been discovered in the 'Spear Horizon', and are suggested to have been used for knapping flint and for breaking open other bones for marrow.^[44]

Thanks to excellent preservation conditions, there are many finds of small animals, among them small mammals, fish, mollusks and insects. Together with the carpological remains, they enable a detailed reconstruction of the climate and the environment, and show that the site of 13 II formed towards the end of the interglacial.^[45]

 

 

The Neanderthals in Europe and the Middle East

 

Neanderthals - White people in 400,000 - 24,000 BC - Wardruna - Gibu

 

 

 

 

 

 

Who were the Neanderthals? | DW Documentary

 Long before Homo sapiens populated the earth, the Neanderthals lived in Eurasia.

Now, paleoanthropologists in England and France are using new archeological methods to shed light on some previously unexplained Neanderthal mysteries.

In an age clouded by the mists of time, the first early humans colonized the Eurasian continent. They settled on land that had only recently been covered by glaciers. This species, called Neanderthals, died out about 30,000 years ago -- but at one time, they formed the largest group in an area that stretched from northern France to the Belgian coast and from the Channel Islands to southern England.

During the last Ice Age, the North Sea was frozen over -- and the English Channel was a small river that could easily be crossed on foot. The Neanderthals lived in close harmony with their perpetually changing environment. They had everything they needed to survive: the meat of prey animals, edible wild plants, water and wood for cooking and heating. How did these early humans develop over almost 300,000 years? What were their lives like before they became extinct?

Our documentary is based on the latest research. We investigate various populations of Neanderthals, and visit archaeological sites in northern France, southern England, and on the island of Jersey.

Renowned researchers such as the British paleoanthropologist Chris Stringer and his French colleague Ludovic Slimak describe how the Neanderthals lived, and discuss their cognitive abilities. Was this species capable of structured thinking? Did they have cultures, languages, and societies? How intelligent were they, and what sort of adaptive strategies kept them alive for 300,000 years? How similar were they to modern-day humans?

 Map of remains of Neanderthals.

 

 Science & Environment

How scientists recreated Neanderthal man

A team of scientists has created what it believes is the first really accurate reconstruction of Neanderthal man, from a skeleton that was discovered in France over a century ago.

In 1909, excavations at La Ferrassie cave in the Dordogne unearthed the remains of a group of Neanderthals. One of the skeletons in that group was that of an adult male, given the name La Ferrassie 1.

These remains have helped scientists create a detailed reconstruction of our closest prehistoric relative for a new BBC series, Prehistoric Autopsy.

How Scientists Recreated Neanderthal Man

 

Ancient genomes 2: Neandertals within us

 Neanderthal Gene Cluster More Common in Europeans

 http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/neanderthal-gene-cluster-more-common-europeans/

Neanderthals are not entirely gone. Their DNA lives on within us, but more in some people than others. People of European ancestry are much more likely to have inherited a bundle of Neanderthal variants in their genome as compared to those of Asian or African descent.

Reconstructed Face Of Neanderthal Woman

https://www.amren.com/news/2014/04/europeans-have-three-times-more-neanderthal-genes-for-lipid-catabolism-than-asians-or-africans/

Europeans Have Three times More Neanderthal Genes for Lipid Catabolism than Asians or Africans

Science Daily, April 2, 2014

Contemporary Europeans have as many as three times more Neanderthal variants in genes involved in lipid catabolism than Asians and Africans.

Although Neanderthals are extinct, fragments of their genomes persist in modern humans. These shared regions are unevenly distributed across the genome and some regions are particularly enriched with Neanderthal variants. An international team of researchers led by Philipp Khaitovich of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and the CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology in Shanghai, China, show that DNA sequences shared between modern humans and Neanderthals are specifically enriched in genes involved in the metabolic breakdown of lipids. This sharing of genes is seen mainly in contemporary humans of European descent and may have given a selective advantage to the individuals with the Neanderthal variants.

The researchers analyzed the distribution of Neanderthal variants in the genomes of eleven contemporary human populations of African, Asian and European descent. They found that genes involved in the lipid synthesis contained a particularly high number of Neanderthal variants in contemporary humans of European origin, but not in Asians and Africans.

Neanderthal, 'The lost face of Humanity'!

 

 

 

 

 

White Neanderthal group picture taken from above video

Neanderthal family.

Ancient Music - Cavemen

175,000 year old evidence that the first inhabitants of Europe were highly underestimated. The best forensic artists reconstruct their faces from the actual skulls with staggering result. Our cousins were beautiful. If you do not have any African genes, science says you are related to these folks from the beginning.

Some Neanderthal females and males wouldn't look out of place in most parts of the western world. This assumes early 21st Century clothing and hairstyles, of course.

2 pictures on right taken from the video above " 175,000 Year old evidence that the first inhabitants of Europe were highly underestimated. The best forensic artist reconstruct their faces from the actual skulls with staggering result.   .The most deeply rooted Morphological comparison between Neanderthals and modern Europeans immediately reveals striking similarities in unique physical traits not found among Africans."

Neanderthal Hair  and Skin Colour.

 

 

 

 The Red Headed Neanderthal

  

 "Some Neanderthals were redheads, a DNA study has shown."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7062415.stm
Neanderthals 'were flame-haired'

...Genes for skin colour and hair colour are obvious early targets for scientists engaged in these efforts.
   
Pale skin - along with red or brown hair - appears to be the product of lower levels of sunlight present in areas further from the equator such as Europe.

...In Neanderthals, there was probably the whole range of hair colour we see today in modern European populations, from dark to blond right through to red.
Dr Carles Lalueza-Fox

"Both fossil and genetic evidence indicate that Neanderthals and modern humans evolved from a common ancestor at least 500,000 years ago."

DNA from Neanderthals shows they influenced the way some modern humans look:

Neanderthal Genes Help Shape How Many Modern Humans Look

Europeans carry a Neanderthal gene, BNC2 which affects skin colour and is found in 70% of Europeans:

Surprise! 20 Percent of Neanderthal Genome Lives On in Modern Humans, Scientists Find

Neanderthals had different hair, eye and skin colour just like modern White Europeans. DNA taken from two female Neanderthals showed they had brown eyes but also carried genes for blue eyes:

Were Some Neandertals Brown-Eyed Girls?

"The new study, to be published in the American Journal of Human Biology later this spring, looks at the genomes of three female Neandertals from Croatia. Their DNA was the basis of the first effort to compile a complete Neandertal genetic sequence, which was published in 2010.

The researchers focused their attention on 40 well-studied stretches of genetic material that help determine pigmentation in living people. A particular form of the gene known as TPCN2, for example, bestows brown hair in modern humans; any other form means hair that's another color.

One complication is that traits such as hair color are controlled by multiple genes. To determine the cumulative impact of multiple genes on one trait, the authors assumed they could simply add together the impact of individual genes. The female Neandertal known as Vi33.26, for example, had seven genes for brown eyes, one for "not-brown" eyes, three for blue eyes, and four for "not-blue eyes." By the researchers' reckoning, that means a six-gene balance in favor of brown and a negative balance for blue, so Vi33.26's eyes were probably brown. According to this method, all three Neandertals had a dark complexion and brown eyes, and although one was red-haired, two sported brown locks.

Study author Tábita Hünemeier of Brazil's Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul says she's not surprised by the results. "There was a large population of Neandertals in Europe," she says. "It's impossible that an entire population has red hair or blue eyes."

 "Other archaeological evidence unearthed at Neanderthal sites provides reason to believe that Neanderthals did in fact have a diverse diet. Microfossils found in Neanderthal teeth and food remains left behind at cooking sites indicate that they may have eaten wild peas, acorns, pistachios, grass seeds, wild olives, pine nuts and date palms depending on what was locally available."

I am clearly descendant of Neanderthal. Don't know how far back and what other ancestors were but I have a triangular face, stocky built, bump in the back of my head and I can tolerate cold climate. On top of that the outline of the hand left by Neanderthal matches my hand. In short, I am a white European descended from people that lived there for hundreds of thousands years.

Neanderthals vs Cro-Magnon (Modern European Caucasians )

 

 

The Neanderthals first appeared in Europe about 700,000 years ago and died out some 28,000 years ago. Some DNA testing on Neanderthal bones has revealed they were light-skinned as European Caucasians are today and some had red hair. They had a brow ridge and were shorter than the Ice Age Europeans. The Neanderthal skull image (below), displays the brow ridge.  The drawing of the Neanderthal man (pictured right), demonstrates their features are not too dissimilar to Europeans today.

The globalist promote that the first Ice Age White European Caucasians are believed to have moved into Europe approximately 40,000 years ago. The question is; where did the Caucasoids people from Europe and the Middle East come from?  Their skeletons have not been found in Africa so it is believed by many, the Caucasoids originated somewhere in the Caucasus region of Southern Russia and developed from Neanderthals.

The skeletons of Europeans and many people who live in the Middle East are the same and some people in the Middle East have European features and some have the Middle Eastern looks, and both groups are called Caucasoids. These Caucasoids migrated into Europe and the Middle East who replaced the Neanderthals.

When Modern Caucasoids migrated into the Middle East and Europe certain changes occurred within both these groups.  Those who moved into Europe had brown eyes and over time many developed blonde hair and blue or green eyes, while many of those who went into the Middle East have predominantly kept their darker hair and brown eyes.

When discussing why Neanderthals became extinct and Modern Caucasoids survived, it has been estimated there has been no more than 50,000 Neanderthals living in Europe and one predominant theory was that physical conflicts resulted in the demise of Neanderthals. They had a lower birth rate and could not compete against European Caucasians therefore, over time they disappeared. Article in Nature recently published research on archaeological cave settlements which were found in Western Galilee, Israel, demonstrating both groups of modern humans and Neanderthals lived at the same time just a short distance from each other with peaceful interaction being demonstrated. 

Scientists in Western Galilee, Israel, unearthed skull remains of both modern man and Neanderthals who lived in the same area about 55,000 years ago.  New theories have shown the Neanderthals were not as resourceful as mankind today.

The map on the right shows Europe during the Ice age approximately 10,000 years ago showing a very different world than to what it is today.

During the Ice Age in Europe, Eurasia and the Middle East there was no Christianity; no Islam; no Jewish religion; no Talmud; no Hindu religion. Over a period of time religions have been created by man who adapted their ancient family custom beliefs and has taken over and claimed by the modern religions of today. Many people today have become religious fanatics resulting in millions of people being killed causing much suffering. We the People should learn our family history, customs and beliefs which were practiced before modern religion took over.

During the Ice Age, Europeans lived in small family groups often wandering over large areas they controlled and expanding their numbers from small groups into tribal groups leading into nations.

Genographic Project/Neanderthals  

For Neanderthals to kill their prey, they had to be very close to an animal to spear it and many were injured due to their hunting methods.  For example; some Neanderthal skeletons revealed broken bones which had healed. The average Neanderthal probably lived no more than 30 years. Around the end of the Ice Age, there was great fluctuation in the climate with periods of heavy snow and warming. During this time many animals became extinct. 

During this period, some inland Neanderthals appeared to have starved with evidence showing that they practiced cannibalism to survive. Remember that historically, people have resorted to cannibalism in extreme cases such as plane crashes.  Neanderthals living along coastal areas survived without the same hardships due to fishing.  This is particularly the case with the Neanderthals who lived around the Rock of Gibraltar, Southern Spain, where there are many caves. Some of these caves today are filled with water, however, during the Neanderthal period, the ocean was about 300 feet lower than it is today.  The Neanderthals who lived there survived by eating seafood and did not practice cannibalism.  DNA testing today shows that Neanderthal men bred with women from other Neanderthal groups, but due to the fact that their population was reduced in inland areas, subsequently the shortage of women led to inbreeding amongst themselves. Neanderthals lived in small groups and due to their harsh lifestyle, very few Neanderthal children reached adulthood with all these factors leading to their gradual decline.

 The Real Neanderthal Man 1-of-5

Discovery Channel Neanderthal Part-7-10

Decoding Neanderthals

 

Neanderthal Caves

 

 

"La Cotte de St Brelade is a Paleolithic site of early habitation in Saint Brélade, Jersey. Cotte means "cave" in Jèrriais. The cave is also known as Lé Creux ès Fées (The Fairies' Cave).^[1][2]

Neanderthals lived there at various times between around 250,000 years ago and after 48,000 years ago—making it the earliest known occupation of the Channel Islands by a hominin species, and also possibly one of the last Neanderthal sites in northwestern Europe. It is the only site in the British Isles to have produced late Neanderthal fossils.^[3][4]

At that time, with sea levels slightly below those at present, Jersey was part of Normandy, a peninsula jutting out from the coast, and La Cotte would have been a prominent landmark on the dry plain that linked Jersey to the French mainland. It was not until after the last Ice age that the sea eroded the coastline, separating first Guernsey, then Jersey and finally the Écréhous from the mainland."Wikipedia.

At home with the Neanderthals: Excavations at La Cotte de St Brelade

 

Caves at Gibraltar.

Gorham's Cave Gibraltar in Europe

Our Neanderthals - Episode 1

Our Neanderthals - Episode 2

Other areas used mostly wood if trees were available, and places that had caves were the last to build houses, they had little dwellings for hunters when they went out on hunting trips before houses were made too, also there were houses found in the czech republic area that date to around 30,000 bc, so different areas start building houses at different times- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2075993/Neanderthals-built-houses-mammoth-bones.html

10 Surprising Facts About The Neanderthals Who Were Not As Primitive As Previously Thought

 Glue Makers

 

Neanderthal Glue Makers | National Geographic

 

 Neanderthal Breast Feeding and Teeth.

 

 "From drinking mom’s milk to nursing a winter illness, the new study reveals some surprising details about our ancient cousins."

What's more, the researchers used oxygen isotopes to determine that one Neanderthal youngster was born in the spring. After nursing for 2.5 years, the hominin was weaned from its mother's milk in the fall.

 Neanderthal teeth reveal intimate details of daily life

 "Neanderthals shows that our earliest ancestors practiced a primitive form of dentistry, using a toothpick-like tool to help alleviate a toothache".

Study: Neanderthals Practiced Primitive Dentistry To Treat Toothaches

Neanderthal tools and boats.

 

IT LOOKS like Neanderthals may have beaten modern humans to the seas. Growing evidence suggests our extinct cousins criss-crossed the Mediterranean in boats from 100,000 years ago – though not everyone is convinced they weren’t just good swimmers.

Neanderthals lived around the Mediterranean from 300,000 years ago. Their distinctive “Mousterian” stone tools are found on the Greek mainland and, intriguingly, have also been found on the Greek islands of Lefkada, Kefalonia and Zakynthos.

Neanderthals were ancient mariners

  Prehistoric Craft

They made nice tools

 

“The tools we’ve found at the site are technologically advanced and potentially older than tools in Britain belonging to our own species.”

Give Neanderthals Some Credit: They Made Nice Tools

"It appears that Neanderthals created specialized tools before they met Homo sapiens."

Neanderthals Prove Crafty

 

 

Levallois Core Technology: An Alternative Way of Making Stone Tools

 In this video, Dr. James Dilley explores the Mousterian (Mode 3) style of flintknapping known as “prepared core technology” or the “Levallois technique”. The Levallois technique requires a high level of skill and cognition to plan several steps ahead during the flintknapping process (Schlanger 1996) as the shape and preparation of the core determines the shape of the flakes that are removed. By creating a prepared core, successfully removed flakes are detached which have a size and shape determined to some extent by the maker. This allows a flintknapper to detach large flakes with razor sharp edges that would make suitable cutting tools, or triangular flakes suitable for spear points.

 

How To Make A Palaeolithic Handaxe - Flintknapping for #KnapTime (E2)

Join experimental archaeologist, Dr. James Dilley, for #KnapTime where he will be explaining and demonstrating the prehistoric technique of flintknapping. This week we'll be taking a trip back to the beginning of the human timeline, exploring the Palaeolithic period and its most iconic tool - the handaxe.

Before you join in and have a go at flintknapping yourself, be sure to watch the all important Flintknapping Health & Safety video: https://youtu.be/b8AYo-1sFa0

 

HUNTING WEAPONS OF NEANDERTHALS AND EARLY MODERN HUMANS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Similarities and Differences

 

 

 

 

 Prehistoric string theory

 

"CALL it prehistoric string theory. The earliest evidence of string has been found – apparently created by our Neanderthal cousins".

 World's oldest string found at French Neanderthal site

 Medicated

 

 “It’s really well understood that bacteria are swapped between people when they kiss,” says Weyrich. It’s possible that humans and Neanderthals kissed during sex 110,000 years ago, which could explain why the descendants of those interbreeding events – including both the El Sidrón Neanderthals and modern humans – ended up with similar forms of M. oralis bacteria in their mouths."

/ Neanderthals may have medicated with penicillin and painkillers

 

 

Story of Neanderhtal Man's Flute

In 1996 archaeologists led by dr. Ivan Turk found the femur of a young cave bear with four holes in the palaeolithic Divje babe site. The age of the find was estimated at more than 45.000 years, which means that it is originated from Neanderthal times. Archeologists tried first to answer the following questions: is the find the work of human hands and can we assume that it is a flute? Videofilm shows the path that led archeologists to find answers to these questions.

 

 

 

WORLD'S OLDEST INSTRUMENT played by Ljuben Dimkaroski (Divje babe cave)

 Ljuben Dimkaroski performs on the worlds oldest instrument replika in front of Divje babe cave. / Ljuben Dimkaroski igra na repliko najstarejšega znanega glasbila pred jamo Divje babe.

World's Oldest Musical Instrument

Neanderthal Bone Flute Music

 "Short film, full title is Playing the Neanderthal flute of Divje babe, is authored by Sašo Niskač, music is performed by Ljuben Dimkaroski, scientific adviser is Dr. Ivan Turk, archaeologist. Extraordinary find from 1995 in Divje babe cave site, western Slovenia, it is most comprehensively described in the paper at http://www.cox.si/tidldibab.pdf, was met with great enthousiasm on one side and with great scepticism on the other side of the scientific audience, for details see http://www.greenwych.ca/divje-b.htm. Only in 2009 the dilemma if the holes in the bone were accidental or purpose-made, was finally resolved."

 

 

 

 

 

Neanderthal Engravings

 

 

Groundbreaking discovery at Gorham's Cave: Neanderthal engravings found

 

Using a relatively new dating technique, archaeologists determined that paintings found in three caves in Spain were created by Neanderthals more than 64,000 years ago — about 20,000 years before some scientists believe white Europeans arrived in Europe.

  Newly-Found Ancient Cave Paintings Show Neanderthals Were Artists Before Modern Humans

 

 

 

 

 

Neanderthals unite around shared beliefs, forming the basis for early religion.

Neanderthal, 'The lost face of Humanity'!

 

 

 

Neanderthals placed cave bear skulls in stone walled pit.

Cave Bear - Ancient Animal

 

 

 

 

 

Cave Bear - Ancient Animal

 

Cave Bear - Ancient Animal

Truly a monster of a bear, especially for it being primarily vegetarian. Cave lion bones are found in cave bear dens. Would almost certainly be a death sentence for any predator to walk into a cave and the bear wasn’t fully hibernating

 

6. Hunting with Neanderthals - OUT OF THE CRADLE [人類誕生CG] / NHK Documentary

 Neanderthals were a hominin species closely related to modern humans that appeared around 400,000 years ago and relied on their superior physical strength as they hunted in the forested areas of Eurasia.

 

Grizzly bear takes shotgun blast at point-blank range and keeps charging | New York Post

 When a Canadian family noticed a group of bears on their property, the father attempted to scare them off by firing a warning shot into the air. Unfortunately, this provoked the mother bear, who charged. Amazingly, the man was able to fire off his last shot, momentarily knocking the beast off her feet and giving him enough time to make it back to safety. He later tracked the bear family, and believes while the mama bear is sore, she's okay.

 

Explorer Returns With Chilling Information About Deepest Cave On Earth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Neanderthals were thoughtful and cared about each other.

  The Neanderthals That Taught Us About Humanity

Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Neandertals were thought to have been…primitive. Unintelligent, hunched-over cavemen, for lack of a better word. But the discoveries made in that Iraqi cave provided some of the earliest clues that Neanderthals actually behaved -- and likely thought and felt -- a lot like we do.

 

 

 

 

  Neanderthals collected shells at the beach, just like us

 

 Cro Magnons (European Whites) vs Neanderthals

Neanderthal vs Cro Magnon

 Modern White Europeans

 

female skull offers ‘oldest modern human genome’

Remains thought to be more than 45,000 years old have been used to reconstruct a complete set of DNA – known as a genome – of an early modern human.

The genetic information comes from a skull unearthed at a site near Prague in the Czech Republic. It was named Zlatý kůň, ‘golden horse’ in Czech, and is believed to be the oldest reconstructed modern human genome to date.

The findings, published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, suggest the woman had 3 per cent Neanderthal ancestry and lived nearer the time when Neanderthals were interbreeding with modern humans.

 

 Kostenki 14. Image from the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography.

 Groundbreaking genetic analysis of a 37,000-year-old human bone from Russia has revealed that modern Europeans have remained genetically identical from that time onward—and that there are increasing numbers of holes in the “out-of-Africa” theory of human development.

Groundbreaking Study of Ancient DNA Reveals Genetic Commonality to Modern Europeans

 Oldest remains found outside Africa may rewrite human migration to Europe

 

 

'Oldest remains' outside Africa reset human migration clock

 "A 210,000-year-old skull has been identified as the earliest modern human remains found outside Africa, putting the clock back on mankind's arrival in Europe by more than 150,000 years, researchers said Wednesday." Quote from Stormfront 

The Story of Humans and Neanderthals in Europe Is Being Rewritten

Ed Yong, Atlantic, July 10, 2019

In 1978, in a cave called Apidima at the southern end of Greece, a group of anthropologists found a pair of human-like skulls. One had a face, but was badly distorted; the other was just the left half of a braincase. {snip}

{snip}

The one with the face, known as Apidima 2, is a 170,000-year-old Neanderthal—no surprises there. But the other, Apidima 1, was one of us—a 210,000-year-old modern human. And if the team is right about that, the partial skull is the oldest specimen of Homo sapiens outside Africa, handily beating the previous record holder, a jawbone from Israel’s Misliya Cave that’s about 180,000 years old. “I couldn’t believe it at first,” Harvati says, “but all the analyses we conducted gave the same result.”

Until now, most researchers have focused on the more complete (but less interesting) of the two skulls. “Apidima 1 has just been ignored,” says Harvati. But its antiquity matters for three reasons. First, it pushes back the known presence of modern humans outside Africa by some 30,000 years. Second, it’s considerably older than all other Homo sapiens fossils from Europe, all of which are 40,000 years old or younger. Third, it’s older than the Neanderthal skull next to it.

Collectively, these traits mess up the standard story of Neanderthal and modern-human evolution. According to that narrative, Neanderthals slowly evolved in Europe, largely isolated from other kinds of hominins. When modern humans expanded out of Africa, their movements into Europe might have been stalled by the presence of the already successful Neanderthals. That explains why Homo sapiens stuck to a more southerly route into Asia, and why they left no European fossils until about 40,000 years ago. “The idea of Europe as ‘fortress Neanderthal’ has been gaining ground,” says Rebecca Wragg Sykes, an archaeologist from the University of Bordeaux, but identifying a 210,000-year-old Homo sapiens skull from Europe “really undermines that.”

“It suggests that early Homo sapiens groups got farther than we may have previously thought, occasionally occupying territories that later became that of Neanderthals,” adds Shara Bailey, an anthropologist at NYU. {snip}

The identity of Apidima 1 could also cast doubt on other archaeological finds from Europe, such as stone tools with no accompanying fossils. Researchers had long assumed that within a certain time window, “any archaeology was all the work of Neanderthals,” says Wragg Sykes. But if modern humans also occupied this “safe range,” which species actually created those artifacts?

{snip}

How much information can scientists really glean from just the back of the skull, and just the left half at that? Actually, quite a lot, Harvati says: That region is very informative when telling different hominins apart. Apidima 1 lacks several traits that are distinctively Neanderthal, while its rounded shape “is considered to be a uniquely modern human feature that evolved relatively late,” Harvati says.

But “it doesn’t look like classic Homo sapiens,” says Wragg Sykes, who wonders whether it represents a group of humans that had been interbreeding with Neanderthals or other ancient hominins. “Obviously everyone is going to want to see DNA out of that skull,” she adds.

{snip}

The Apidima skulls also suggest that the accepted story of Europe, in which modern humans eventually replaced the long-dominant Neanderthals, is too simple. Instead, Harvati thinks that modern humans were already in Greece about 200,000 years ago; they were then replaced by Neanderthals, who were themselves replaced by humans about 40,000 years ago. A similar cycle of competition, where Neanderthals and humans repeatedly replaced each other, seems to have happened in the Levant, the Middle Eastern region that includes Israel and Syria. {snip}

{snip}

Greece is a good place to start. “It’s at the crossroads of three major continents, and it’s a refuge where animals and humans could survive at the height of the ice ages,” Harvati says. “You’d predict population dispersals and range contractions in these areas, the possibility for contact [between different groups], and a more diverse human-fossil record than you’d find in distant parts of Europe. There aren’t many fossils in the region, but it hasn’t been much of a research priority.”

{snip}

First religion - they worship Life and Mother of Life *First abstract idea - Lion Man, representing Natural Law of Life *First social idea - Egalitarianism (almost unrealistic today).

 

AURIGNACIAN - the World's First Abstract Mindset Man from Europe

The video reveals the lifestyles of Ice Age hunters, how they started fire, type of hunting weapons they used and goes into some detail how the women contributed to their lifestyle and diet.

 Mystery of Life in the Paleolithic Age: Documentary on Stone Age Archaeology (Full Documentary)

Europeans,  Middle East Caucasoids, and Asians have Neanderthals DNA.

 

 

Genetic studies have indicated that non-Africans, (i.e. today’s Europeans and Asians), have between 1% – 4% of the genes from Neanderthals. The theory is that we obtained these genes from interracial relations with Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon (European Caucasians). This might be true in some cases however, there are some researchers who believe that a group of Neanderthals directly developed into Cro-Magnon man possibly in Eurasia. This means that Europeans and the rest of the Neanderthal population existed simultaneously for a very long time till the Neanderthals eventually died out and were replaced by Cro-Magnon man as the dominant hominid in Europe and the Middle East.  

For more information, have a read of David Duke's article discussing new research completed in 2012.

Ice Age White European houses and Culture

 

 

 

 

 Many people believe that early Europeans lived in caves, but evidence shows that this was not always true because there are not many caves people can live in.  Archaeological sites show that our European Ice Age ancestors made teepee type shelters.

 

 

 

 

 

Imagine how much more ingenuity White European ancestors had to have before the advent of iron axes, scissors, and metal knives and moving to another campsites. This film was so fascinating.

  A Tent in Arctic Siberia - Living, Moving, and Making a Reindeer Skin Tent.

 In the far north of Siberia on the Yamal Peninsular a remote group of nomadic reindeer herders still live in tents whose design may date back thousands of years. The precursor to the modern tipi (tepee), the choom is made of fir poles and has covers of reindeer (caribou) hide. They move every few days throughout the winter so that the herd can gain access to the hidden fields of lichen that lie beneath the snow

 

  A Tent in Arctic Siberia - Living, Moving, and Making a Reindeer Skin Tent.

 

Nomadics Tipi Makers - Traditional Model Teepee (Tipis, Teepees)

 

 

 25,000-Year-Old Building Made of 60 Mammoths | Science ...

Mar 16, 2020 — A Mysterious 25,000-Year-Old Structure Built of the Bones of 60 ... A jaw-dropping example of Ice Age architecture has been unearthed on Russia's forest steppe: a huge, ... Location of the mammoth bone structure found in modern-day ... them to be dwellings or “mammoth houses” that helped their builders .

 A Mysterious 25,000-Year-Old Structure Built of the Bones of 60 Mammoths

25,000-Year-old Ice Age House Made From Mammoth Bones Discovered in Russia | Ancient Architects

 Back in 2014, researchers discovered a ‘mammoth house’ – a large circular structure that was built around 25,000 years ago, using the bones of 60 woolly mammoths. In this Ancient Architects video, I take a look at the discovery.

Excavations at the site began in 2015 and took three years to complete and have only just been published in the journal Antiquity and the findings are hugely important for our understanding of ancient humans.

The site of the large mammoth house also contains smaller buildings that were discovered back in the 1960s and 70s. It is located 310 miles south of Moscow and is now home to a museum.

The mammoth bone structures are not unique, examples are found right across Eastern Europe but until now, the oldest one was dated at 22,000 years old. Therefore the new discovery in Russia’s is the oldest example.

Experts have always said that these structures were built by roaming hunter-gatherers of the Palaeolithic, for refuge to survive the harsh winters of the ice age.

But the mammoth house found in Russia measures 30 feet by 30 feet. It is made from hundreds of mammoth bones and it would have taken considerable time and effort to make. For so-called hunter-gatherers, who roamed and didn’t spend a long time in one location, why would they go to so much trouble?

 

In Focus: Mammoth Bone Huts of Mezhirich

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depictions of humans in Europe from 15,000 42,000 years before present

Pre Indo-European peoples of Europe From the Neanderthals and Cromagnon/Aurignacian modern humans in the upper paleolithic to the Minoan earliest .

What could be the oldest lifelike drawings of human faces have been uncovered in a cave in southern France. La Marche: (Magdalenian Cave Art). The cave .

Human figures, sculpted and engraved, found at Mas d'Azil - La Grotte du Mas d'Azil (Magdalenian, 16 000 - 15 000 BP) Disc showing a man and the paw of a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This carving shows a woman holding a cattle horn and appears to be using it as a drinking item, similar to what the Vikings did. The horn could have been use as a trumpet with a hole at the pointed end.

 

 

 

 Black Africans of the Zulu Tribe

Shembe: uDwendwe luka Msizi Sibiya esinelwa u-Andiswa Mbuyazi [ 1 6 - 0 5 - 2 0 2 1 ]

 

SHEMBE: AKHONA MHLONGO EHLOMA UMKHONTO KUMKHWENYANA @ MTUBA [11-02-2021]

 

 

The Solutrean

 Solutreans and the earlier Ice Age Europeans

The Solutrean European (Epipaleolithic 22,000 to 17,000 years ago) Preceded by Gravettian. Followed by Magdalenian

 

 

White Men In The Ice Age

 

 

THE ULTIMATE FASHION HISTORY: Prehistoric Clothing

White Europeans made Clothing from animal skins and we can learn from other races

 

 Tuktu- 1- His Nice New Clothes (making clothes from animal skins)

 Learn about traditional Inuit culture from this fascinating series. This series documents cultural practices, skills, and values in Nunavut in northern Canada. Each episode focuses on a different topic, and does a good job of celebrating the skills and resourcefulness of the Inuit.

 Food

  Una historia de vasconia | 1.- El mito de la caverna

 

 

 

The Atlatl, or Spear-Thrower

 

 Spearthrower made of antler showing a young ibex (or possibly a chamois) with an emerging turd on which two birds are perched, found around 1940 in the cave of Le Mas d'Azil, Ariege. This was one of the first examples of mass produced art. Fragments of up to ten examples of this design have been found, which means that scores or hundreds must have been manufactured originally. The joke must have been very popular amongst the people of the time! The ibex figure alone is about 7 cm long, and dates to about 16 000 BP. The entire propulseur is 29.5 cm in length. The engraved line along the body of the animal possibly represents a change in the colour of the coat. Although most authorities give the interpretation of a turd with birds above, Bandi (1988) proposes that the 'sausage' coming out of the back of the ibex/chamois is the sac of an infant, and the animal is giving birth. The reasons given are that animals never look back to see their own excrement, but usually do so when giving birth. In addition, the author says that the object is too thick to be excrement, it is much more likely to be the sac of an infant. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Facsimile, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye

The atlatl, or spear-thrower, was a revolutionary invention.

7. The Prehistoric Missile - OUT OF THE CRADLE [人類誕生CG] / NHK Documentary

White people were less robust and muscular than Neanderthals, but they compensated for their physical disadvantage by harnessing technology. In the series "Out of the Cradle," NHK tracks the evolutionary journey of prehistoric primates over the course of 7 million years as they grew into the dominant species on Earth. This series uses CGI technology from the world’s foremost video game creators to tell the story of human ancestors with extraordinarily lifelike visuals.

Atlatl throwing

Bows and arrows.

 

The invention of spears and bows and arrows may have helped early humans drive Neanderthals to extinctio

Around 45,000 years ago Neanderthals and modern humans coexisted in mainland Europe. However, over the course of the next 5,000 years the human population increased dramatically, allowing them to occupy new territories, while Neanderthals gradually died out

Exactly why this was the case has long eluded archaeologists, but now, an international team of researchers may have found the answer – modern humans developed projectile weapons such as spears and spear-throwers and bows and arrows to enable them to hunt more successfully than Neanderthals.

As a result, modern humans had ready access to food and were able to thrive while Neanderthals struggled to find sustenance and eventually went extinct.

The team found evidence of projectile weapons dating back 40,000 to 45,000 years, more than 20,000 earlier than any similar weapons found previously, in the Grotta del Cavallo, a limestone cave found in Southern Italy known to have been used by early modern humans during the Paleolithic era.

  48,000-year-old arrowheads found in Sri Lankan cave

 An international team of researchers have found a cache of immaculately preserved bone arrowheads in the cave of Fa-Hien Lena, deep in the heart of Sri Lanka’s rainforests. The find is evidence of the earliest use of bows and arrows anywhere outside of Africa, they say.

Holmegaard bow

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The Holmegaard bows are a series of self bows found in the bogs of Northern Europe dating from the Mesolithic period.^[1] They are named after the Holmegaard area of Denmark in which the first and oldest specimens were found, and are the oldest bows discovered anywhere in the world.

 

  Maple Mollegabet (Holmegaard) Bow

67" 2" wide at bending limbs, hard maple bow. Pulls well over 65lbs. at 28" draw. In this video it is an unfinished self bow needing tiller adjustments and finish work. There are many variations to this design of bow. It is extremely versitile, fast, and was mass produced in its time. This design is one of my personal favorites in bow making.

 

  Bringing a 23,000 Year Old Mammoth Ivory Boomerang to Life!

 Occoquan Paleotehnics www.occpaleo.com demonstrates replica of paleolithic hunting weapon

 

Replica of the Oblazowa Cave Boomerang

 A functional replica of the 23,000 year old mammoth ivory boomerang found in Oblazowa Cave, Poland.   The original artifact belonged to the Pavlov Culture in paleolithic Europe.   It measured 70cm long(around 27.5 inches) and 6cm width.   The thickness was 1.5 cm.

Whites in Europe made rock weirs to obtain fish, we can learn from Tuktu people in North America.

Tuktu- 7- The Ten Thousand Fishes (how to fish with a rock weir)

  Solutreans: The First Americans Were White Europeans DNA proof

Join James as he takes you back to The Solutrean (22,000 - 18,000BP), a sub period of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe. This relatively short period in the European Palaeolithic saw the production of some of the finest stone tools in the entire Palaeolithic. The tools produced were spearheads, flaked on both sides to a leaf shape. Watch Dr. Dilley as he demonstrates the prehistoric technique of flintknapping as he recreates a Solutrean Spearhead.

 

Ice Age White Europeans set foot on North America

SOLUTREANS of EUROPE Settled America First

SOLUTREANS of EUROPE Settled America - Native Legends Describe Race of White Giants of Pre-Flood Stone Age. ~~ Links: 1) 2) Dr. Dennis J. Stanford speaks at the Emerson Center Stanford is director of the Smithsonian's Paleoindian/Paleoecology Program and Head of the Division of Archaeology. Stanford and Smithsonian.

STONE AGE EUROPEANS were the first to set foot on North America, beating American Indians by some 10,000 years, new archaeological evidence suggest

Solutreans:The first Americans. Dr Stanford Emerson centre 2012

 

Lecture by Dr. Dennis Stanford, Head of the Archaeology Division, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution at the 2008 Nobel conference at Gustavus Adolphus College.

Solutreans:First Americans:The Ice-Age Discovery of the Americas: Constructing an Iberian Solution

Ice Age White Europeans came to American from Europe along the ice sheets and over time, interbred with the people who crossed the land bridge. That might explain why many Native Americans have European facial features.

 

Picture taken from video below

European Ice Age Boats with Sails

Solutreans: The First Americans Were White Europeans DNA proof

 Finding America - Seeking New Paleolithic Paradigms

Ice Age and Clovis Culture - Dennis Stanford

 "Did you know that a sea-faring American tribe explored the shores of North America 7000 years ago? Or that these ancient Americans rivaled their European counterparts in navigational skills several millennia before the Vikings? Robert Sepehr is an author, producer and anthropologist"

  Red Ochre, Red Paint, and the Peopling of the Americas - ROBERT SEPEHR

 Whites in America before the Vikings

Man created the dog 40,000 years ago.

 

Dogs 10,000 Years Ago

While its fearsome ancestor, the wolf, was created by natural selection-it is man that created the dog. This film explores the greatest inter-speciesfriendship on Earth over the course of 40,000 years.

 Man Created Dog

Ancient canine DNA reveals diversity of Ice Age dogs

At least five different types of dog with distinct genetic ancestries existed in Europe around 11,000 years ago when humans were still hunter-gatherers, scientists have found.

The analysis is based on DNA sequenced from 27 ancient canine specimens from across Europe, the Near East and Siberia. Researchers say the findings, published in the journal Science, could shed light on the “inextricable bond between dogs and humans”.

 

  Case studyOpinionProfileSledding dogs are far older than previous

Sledding dogs are far older than previously thought, enabling man to hunt hibernating polar bears

The training of these dogs happened thousands of years earlier than had been appreciated, according to new research published in Science on Friday.

DNA from dog bones from Zhokhov Island indicates that domesticated sled dogs were used by man in the Siberian Arctic at least 9,500 years ago, some 6,500 to 7,500 years earlier than many scientists had believed. 

The genome of the Zhokhov dog is directly related to the iconic modern-day Siberian Husky, the Alaskan Malamute and Greenlandic sledge dog, but can also be traced back to Siberian wolves from 33,000 years ago.

 

DNA Sheds Light On Ancient History Of Dogs All The Way To The Ice Age

26,000-Year-Old Footprints In Chauvet Cave: Oldest Evidence Of Human-Canine Relationship

 

 Russian man feeds a wild wolf

 

Sorry to disillusion you,wolves kill many times only for bloodlust. A single wolf sometimes kills a herd of sheep for no rational reason.

 

Bear hunting in the Siberian taiga in a den with huskies

 The hunters disturbed two bears in their den in the taiga and hunted them, almost shooting their own dog

How Dogs (Eventually) Became Our Best Friends

 

White people from ancient times used dogs for hunting.

Boar after Boar! WHAT A RUN! Pig hunting Australia

  WolfKiller dog vs Wolf real fight 2021 | TOP 10 most epic moments catch on Cameras

Hunter in Spain using dog to kill deer.

 

 

 Many ancient people in Europe protected their campsites with dogs to stop lions trying to enter tents to eat them.

Unhappy Campers Escape Lions At Night

 Unhappy campers surrounded by lions trying to enter their tent to eat them. Not a very pleasant situation to say the least.

 

 

How Doggerland Sank Beneath The Waves (500,000-4000 BC) // Prehistoric Europe Documentary

 

 

 

White people unite around shared beliefs, forming the basis for early religion.

Prehistoric Beliefs - OUT OF THE CRADLE [人類誕生CG] / NHK Documentary

In the picture above, you can spot the man on the slight left from the middle, he appears to be dressed up in bison skin and horns. The man appears to be acting as the animal in a dance ceremony. I believe our ancestors would dress up as their prey to get close enough to hunt them easier.

Pre Indo-European peoples of Europe From Cromagnon/Aurignacian modern humans in the upper paleolithic to the Minoan earliest . What could be the oldest lifelike drawings of human faces have been uncovered in a cave in southern France. La Marche: (Magdalenian Cave Art). The cave .

 

 

 

 

Cave Paintings and Art.

 

We've included some wonderful images of various cave painters and paintings and art found within Europe.

Europeans have lived in Europe for thousands of years and about 32,000 years ago painted at Chauvet Cave in France, Europe.

Many people believe that early Europeans lived in caves, but evidence shows that this was not always true because there are not many caves people can live in.  Archaeological sites show that our European Ice Age ancestors made teepee type shelters.

 

The Worlds First Artists - A View into the Stone Age

 

 

 

 

They painted symbols.

 

Finger sign language

 

  Cave Paintings May Depict Ice Age Sign Language

 Ancient stencils of hands with "mutilated" fingers may actually show a type of sign language used for hunting or silent rituals.

 

 

Carving of European bison

The Venus statute above represents women of all shapes and sizes; we think these represent female fertility.

From Lascaux to Chauvet in Europe to Australia, in this video discuss the many illustrations of now extinct prehistoric animals and how they can be significant to palaeontologists. Additionally, artwork created by our long dead ancestors can actually tell us a lot about prehistory we wouldn't know otherwise from cultural norms to religious beliefs. So I've taken the time to examine what prehistoric art can tell us. We will talk about everything from Irish Elk in Europe to Marsupial Lions in Australia.

 What can Stone Age art tell us about extinct animals?

Cave man porn, definitely cave porn. After all if these people had no civilization to say porn is wrong, there'd be tons of it.

 What can Stone Age art tell us about extinct animals?

"The sculptures are a unique wonder of the Art world. Two foot long, eighteen inches high, three to four inches thick, modelled in clay, the surface given a wet finish to make them smooth. The finger strokes of the artist can be seen running down the length of the animals. The mane and beard are etched with a tool, but the marking along the jawbones are done by the artist’s fingernail. The horns are rougher and not water treated. The clay has cracks running across the bodies, indicating that the sculptures have dried out, although the clay we were sitting on is still quite pliable". CAVE ART: BISON OF TUC D'AUDOUBERT

CAVE BISON OF TUC D’AUDOUBERT

 Click on cave painters to enlarge.

Cave Paintings Beneath The Sea

Archaeology: The Cave Beneath The Sea (Documentary)

Ice Age Boats

In Northern Spain is the El Castillo Cave has many Ice Ages painting and it cannot be ruled out that some earliest paintings were created by Neanderthals, which were estimated to live in the Cantabrian regions until at least 42,000 to 36,000 years B.P.  The El Castillo Cave has Ice Age paintings that look like boats with sails.

Paleolithic Cave Arts in Northern Spain(1) El Castillo Cave, Cantabria

Altamira Cave Paintings

Altamira: Magdelanian Cave Art

Lascaux Cave: Palaeolithic Cave Art

Cave Paintings and Sculptures in Europe

Trailer for Werner Herzogs incredible documentary – The Cave of Forgotten Dreams

The Cave of Forgotten Dreams – Trailer

Werner Herzog takes us on an incredible 3-D journey into the Chauvet caves in Southern France.  Enormous chambers with some of the oldest prehistoric art known to man.

Werner Herzog gains exclusive access to film inside the Chauvet caves of Southern France and captures the oldest known pictorial creations of humanity. For full Everest and other mountaineering.

  Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010) Full Documentary by Werner Herzog

 2018 Hallam L. Movius, Jr. Lecture and Reception Randall White, Professor, Department of Anthropology, New York University

The earliest evidence of artwork made by modern humans, Aurignacian art, was created more than 35,000 years ago and has been found in French, German, and Romanian archaeological sites. Randall White will discuss the rich corpus of Aurignacian painting, engraving, bas-relief sculpture, musical instruments, and personal ornamentation that was studied before World War I in southwest France, along with recent discoveries from classic Aurignacian sites.

  Modern Humans’ Earliest Artwork and Music: New European Discoveries2,610 vie

Thousands of years before developed writing systems, todays Europeans Ice Age ancestors scrawled geometric signs on walls of the caves in Europe.

 Why are these 32 symbols found in caves all over Europe | Genevieve von Petzinger

 Prehistoric Cave Drawings Suggest Early Humans Were Advanced Astronomers

 

Cave paintings reveal ancient Europeans’ knowledge of the stars

 "Some of the world's oldest cave paintings have revealed how ancient people had relatively advanced knowledge of astronomy. Animal symbols represent star constellations in the night sky, are used to mark dates and events such as comet strikes, analysis from the University of Edinburgh suggests."

  Ancient Cave Paintings Show Early Humans Understood Complex Astronomy

Taken from Ancient Origins

 'We all know what the perfect woman’s body looks like. Or do we?"

The Ideal Woman’s Body – a Gift of the Gods?

  Timeless Beauty of the 25,000-Year-Old Venus of Brassempouy

Ice Age Venus Figurines of the Eurasian Continent

An exploration of the revolutionary period of prehistory which began when humans abandoned the nomadic hunting and gathering existence they had known for millennia to take up a completely new way of life. The decisive move to farming and herding the nation of permanent settlements, and the discovery of metals setting the stage, for the arrival of the world's first civilization.

Ice Age Europe - Early Modern Cro-Magnon Human Culture

World's Oldest Flute Shows First Europeans Were A Musical Bunch

  The DONG Of Humanity, Phallic Symbolism In History

 

 

Very interesting information, it shows how many cultures were fairly open about the importance of Fertility and not ashamed to exert it. Though I find a lot of art works containing the 'Dong', I can't understand the censorship and taboo put on these items, why do they always have to hide them away in secret ? many collectors are serious and forced into the closet with labels of obscenity. As a wood carver I'd love to make some examples of these objects and alas it becomes difficult to advertise. Perhaps the more religious, liberals should be less judging. As T. Rex once said, 'Bang a Gong, Get in on'.

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/oldest-lunar-calendars/

https://www.cosmosdawn.net/forum/threads/the-oldest-lunar-calendar-on-earth-aurignacian-lunar-calendar.642/

https://www.outerplaces.com/science/item/19102-prehistoric-cave-drawings-suggest-early-humans-were-advanced-astronomers

https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-05-25/worlds-oldest-known-musical-instruments-discovered-germany

http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-eu-germany-prehistoric-flute-062409-2009jun24-story.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-18196349

  The world's oldest musical instrument (40,000 BCE) Mammoth ivory and bird bone flutes Germany

 "First Musical Instruments (40,000 BCE) Mammoth ivory and bird bone flutes The discovery suggests the musical tradition was well established in Europe over 40,000 years ago. This mammoth ivory and bird bone flutes are oldest musical instruments ever found. "

 Isturitz, Oxocelhaya and Erberua Caves, in Europe where many prehistoric flutes were found

  Isturitz, Oxocelhaya and Erberua Caves, where many prehistoric flutes were found

If you look to the right you can make out two women or one man and women crawling through what appears a small tunnel, they both appear naked, and the last one appears to be wearing a foot, neck, and wrist bracelet.

There are a number of interesting representations of humans and anthropomorphic figures represented in the artefacts found in the cave. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Grottes d'Isturitz et Oxocelhaya

 This is a superbly realised sketch of a chamois head. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Facsimile, display, Grottes d'Isturitz et Oxocelhaya

  

Magdelanian (left): Spear tip with a double bevel. (right): Spear tip with a forked base. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2018
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye

 

Magdelanian Needle polisher from la grotte d'Isturitz. Dimensions: length 97 mm, width 59 mm, thickness 42 mm. Catalog: MAN77155E1 Photo: Don Hitchcock 2018
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye
Text: https://www.photo.rmn.fr

(Left): Eyed needle.

(Right) Spear tip with a single bevel, grooved and engraved. This spear tip is of the Lussac-Angles type. These are from the Middle Magdalenian, and are rather short and wide to lanceolate, on a single bevel, sharp at the distal end, with a long unstriated bevel, always on the upper side, and a groove frequently on the underside. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2015
Source: Original, Musée d'Archeologie Nationale et Domaine, St-Germain-en-Laye

 This phallus from Isturitz has very little documentation, and is mentioned only briefly in scholarly works. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Display, Grottes d'Isturitz et Oxocelhaya

If you look for the 4th ivory task to the left, you will notice familiar symbols: The swastika is an ancient symbol of good fortune.

Magdelanian Baguettes demi-rondes from Isturitz. Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014
Source: Facsimile, display, Grottes d'Isturitz et Oxocelhaya

Cooking secrets of the Neolithic era revealed in groundbreaking scientific tests

 

  Case studyOpinionProfileCooking secrets of the Neolithic era revealed in groundbreaking scientific tests

Cooking secrets of the Neolithic era revealed in groundbreaking scientific tests

Ancient potteries started to appear in the Amur region in the Russian Far East between roughly 16,000 and 12,000 years ago, as the Ice Age slightly eased. 

But what was cooking?

A new international study asks not only why the pots evolved at this time - but examines the type of food they served.

It turns out some ancient Siberian hunter-gatherers survived the Ice Age by inventing pottery which helped them to maintain a fish diet. 

Others used their new pots to cook meat.

 I even think that they came up with the idea of permanent dwellings. One of the earliest permanent dwelling appears in the Osipovka culture as they allowed to stay at the same place during the winter season, having stored big amount of fish. 

‘They had no need to relocate together with migrating animals, as did hunters. Their dwellings were dug into the ground. They dug a round holes, put the pillars and covered them with roof of birch bark, turf. 

‘It is great that the resent research from our international team confirmed our suggestions and helped us to get closer to understanding of this unique and amazing culture.'

 

 The Swastika is viewed mostly as a symbol of evil nowadays, but the real origins of this symbols is anything but, it has a history of over 12,000 years and appears in cultures from around the world.

The TRUE Meaning Of The SWASTIKA & Its 12,000 Years Of History

Ice Age White Europeans craved the Swastika on mammoth tusk dated 12, 00 years ago. The ancient European Celtic, Germanic, Scythian, Tocharian, Thracian all used it as "Good tidings." The Swastika is found in India, China, and the northern Americans used it. It would be impossible that people over the world would have the same symbol if not introduced.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rock Paintings in Spain

 

 

The stone age Europeans who lived in Spain left many rock paintings of themselves depicting hunting, honey collecting and other activities, women with long hair, fully covered with skirts down to just above their knees, men in real trousers, or sometimes naked. The paintings show that they used bow and arrows and sometimes wore headdresses that may have contained feathers.

This artwork is also referred to as Levantine art. These sites are now classified as World Heritage Sites by Unesco. Rock art shown here have been found at over 700 sites. The paintings feature Europeans and the animals they hunted were in the Eastern part of Spain. These date to the Upper Palaeolithic or, more likely, the Mesolithic periods of the Stone Age.

This artwork spans a large period of time and reflects much cultural change in the area. It shows beautiful images of hunter-gatherer economic systems which over time incorporated the beginnings of settlement showing the use of domesticated cattle and dogs.

 Nets and skis from ancient times

 

 

 Man gathering honey, from the Cuevas de la Araña, Bicorp

  Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean BasinFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

 7,000 years old rock art in Northern Europe.

 

 

7,000 year old rock art in Norway ?? [S3 - Eps. 28]

In this episode I am quickly leaving North Cape as bad weather is coming this way! It's a fantastic ride back south and this time I stop at Alta to admire thousands of years old rock art. I end my ride in Trømso, a city in Northern Norway with a beautiful setting.

 

 

 

 "Researchers were undoubtedly smiling over a 14,000-years-old tooth that revealed the oldest known dentistry techniques, dating back to the Late Upper Paleolithic (between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago)."

 Paleolithic Toothache: Oldest Dentistry Revealed in 14,000-Year-Old Tooth of Young Man

 

Testing twined clothing in Mesolithic

 In 2008–2010, some experiments, testing possibilities of (re)constructing twined clothing, were held. They were based on a find from the middle–late Neolithic settlement of Šventoji 2B (Lithuania), dated back to ~4000–2900 BC. The found two specimens were made of lime bast. They were compared with other extant European twines of similar or close periods. Three pieces of rectangular shape were produced, in order to test some technical and functional questions. In 2012, it was decided to come back to one of the objects, which had inspired some construction and wearing possibilities of the (re)constructed twined clothing.

It was an engraving on the aurochs bone, depicting five anthropomorphic figures, which was found in Ryemarksgård settlement (Denmark) and dated back to ~8000 BC. A set of photos, testing various variations of wearing the three pieces of clothing, was taken. There were tested more than 25 wearing possibilities, both male and female. Then it was tried to find out poses and actual pieces of clothing, which would best match the depicted figures. According to the congruous silhouette and constructional lines of the clothing, it was presumed, that most of the figures wore a rectangular long cloth (“a cloak”), just in 3-4 different ways. Some of the figures possibly wore a shorter rectangular cloth (“a skirt”) underneath. Repeating parallel lines of the depicted clothing clearly indicate twining, and actual qualities of the (re)constructed twines do confirm the indication. Thus, it is highly possible, that twined clothing was produced and worn by some Mesolithic communities, i.e. much earlier than the dates of the extant finds had allowed presuming.

Primitive Technology Hunter Gatherer

 

 

Axeheads

When Time Team Found Incredibly Rare 5000-Year-Old Stone Age Tools | Time Team | Odyssey

 Stone age finds are incredibly rare in Britain. As such, this neolithic site buried under a holiday resort is hugely exciting for the time team. Join Tony and the gang as they uncover some of their oldest ever finds.

 

 

  Tranchet Axeheads: The First Axeheads in British Prehistory

 Dr. James Dilley explores one of the first types of hafted axe in Britain: The Tranchet Axe. Dating to the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), these axes are unlike later examples, but what is a tranchet? Why did people make axes like this? And how do you make one? We look at the meaning behind the word “Tranchet” and some of the possible origins. As well as making a couple of examples, he also tests a Tranchet axe in some tree felling.

 

  Making Pine Pitch: The Woodsman's Glue. How I make Pine Pitch Glue

 

 

The World’s First Temple, Gobeklitepe

 

 NEW: 11,400-Year-Old Karahan Tepe Archaeological Update: November 2022 | Ancient Architects

 As you may know, things are moving quickly with regards to Turkish archaeology, and the one project that really stands out is Taş Tepeler, an upland area in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, near the city of Şanlıurfa.

Taş Tepeler means ‘Stone Hills’ and it consists of a number of Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites, including Gobekli Tepe, Sefer Tepe, Harbetsuvan Tepesi, and the incredible Karahan Tepe.

Karahan Tepe is dated to between 11,400 and 10,200 years ago and in this video I’ll be showing you the latest update on the site – all the new finds and all the news from the latest excavations as I have attempted ti transcribe and translate the words of site lead archaeologist, Professor Necmi Karul.

Karul recently took part in a 4-and-a-half-hour presentation on the Arkeolojihaber YouTube channel, where a number of archaeologists discussed the latest findings and most recent work at 7 of the 12 Tas Tepeler sites. What I'm presenting in this video comes directly from this presentation.

Arkeolojihaber was founded in 2009 by a team of dedicated archaeologists who wished to convey the latest archaeological news from Turkey in a socially responsible way. Follow their social media and subscribe to their YouTube channel by following the links below:

Arkeolojihaber YouTube:    / arkeolojihaber  

Arkeolojihaber Twitter: https://twitter.com/arkeolojihaber

Arkeolojihaber Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/arkeolojihaber

 

 

 

 

 Top 10 Amazing Artifacts from Karahan Tepe | Sanliurfa Museum Exhibition, Turkey | Megalithomania

 

 Göbekli Tepe: The Place That Rewrote History

Video info: On our fourth stop on our tour of the historical and archaeological sites of Turkey we visit the ancient ruins of the oldest temple in the world. Today known as Gobekli Tepe, the "Potbelly Hill" has been the site of one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the past century. Yielding the remains of an ancient ceremonial center that dates back a shocking 11,500 years. These ruins are home to elaborate carvings, massive stone constructions and other artifacts that shed light on the lives of ancient people. Join me as we attempt to piece together one of the best known but least understood sites in our ancient past.

 

  The World’s First Temple, Gobeklitepe … a pre-historic site, about 15 km away from the city of Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkiye. What makes Gobeklitepe unique in its class is the date it was built, which is roughly twelve thousand years ago, circa 10,000 BC.

Gobeklitepe | The Oldest Temple of the World

 Gobekli Tepe - Turkey - Trip Historic

Celebrate the summer solstice at Stonehenge - 360 Video

 Every year thousands gather at the mysterious prehistoric site in southern England to watch sunrise on the longest day of the year.

Stonehenge

Operation Stonehenge What Lies Beneath 1of 2

Stonehenge on the Salisbury Plains east of London, England is a prehistoric Megalithic structure; it simply means it is a structure made of large stones. If you're standing at Stonehenge you'll see some mounds only a short distance away which are possibly where high ranking people were buried.

Stonehenge is the Tip of the Iceberg

 "23 November 2017. Ordinary Meeting of Fellows. 'Science and Stonehenge', lecture by Prof Michael Parker Pearson FSA."

 November 2017: SAL OM, (Mike Parker Pearson FSA)

"Eminent archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson gives the Council for British Archaeology's 37th annual Beatrice de Cardi lecture on the Stonehenge landscape."

  Mike Parker Pearson Stonehenge Lecture

Below Mound near Stonehenge

 

Below West Kenneth long barrow.

A short drive from Stonehenge you'll come across West Kenneth long barrow, situated near Avebury, Wiltshire which has chambers which served as tombs and is the largest of its kind in England. Some of these tombs seem to have been used by the same family for several hundreds of years. What is striking about it is that it was built about 400 years prior to Stonehenge using stone blocks slabs which formed the ceiling. It once again demonstrates the ingenuity of early man.

 

Silbury Hill 

 Silbury Hill, shows an amazing ability for the immense technical skill of European people's ancestors, even in prehistoric times. The builders must have been able to call on a large and organised labour force and to exercise broad ranging control across the southern area of Britain. Constructed approximately 4750 years ago, it is estimated to have taken 18 million man hours to build.

 

Sweden's most mysterious rocks ?? [S3 - Eps. 17]

In this episode my Honda CB500x "Ronin" and I are riding from Denmark into Sweden. We explore the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen on the way and also admire the mystical rocks at Ales Stenar, Sweden's own Stonehenge...

 

The Iceman

 

The Iceman- 5000 Year Old Mummy

 

 

 

 Otzi -Iceman lived at the beginning of the Bronze Age.

The Iceman is older than the Egyptian pyramids and Stonehenge. He lived during the Copper Age, a period of the late Neolithic. He was still using stone tools but owned an innovative and very valuable copper axe. The skill of extracting and processing metal had recently arrived in Europe from Anatolia in Turkey.  The advent of copper marked the beginning of the Bronze Age.                                          

Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey. Wikipedia 

At the time of Ice Man some Whites lived in villages in lakes.

An interesting an often overlooked subject which concerns the local communities living in the regions surrounding the Alps in the time at which the "Ice Man" lived.

The Iceman's World

The picture above taken from video above.

A later autopsy revealed the iceman was killed by an arrow.

Iceman Documentary | Otzi - Iceman Murder Mystery in the Italian Alps

Iceman Documentary | Otzi – Iceman Murder Mystery in the Italian Alps | Copper Age English subtitles

How to make Otzi items

Otzi the iceman arrow part 1,how to make 5000 year old primitive archery hunting arrows

 

Primitive Archery Copper Age Yew Longbow Part 1 - Otzi the Iceman ...

 

 

Runes: Facts And History About Odin Secret Language

  Runes Were Just As Advanced As Roman Alphabet Writing – New Study

 

Pompeii

 Archaeologists say they have uncovered Britain's "Pompeii" after discovering the "best-preserved European Bronze Age dwellings ever found" in the country.

ᴴᴰ [Documentary] Britains Pompeii

Eastern European Slavics Tribes and The Huns …

European Celtic Tribes

 The Hittitie Nation founders Came from Europe

The Sea People came from Europe

 Caucasian Egyptians & Debunking Afrocentrism…

 

 The Beautiful Women of Bronze Age Europe

Bronze Age Europe saw the increasing expression of individual and group identity through clothing, hairstyles, and objects of personal ornamentation. But it’s in the artistic tradition of the civilisations of the Aegean that we most clearly see the emergence of ideals of beauty that we well recognise even today. So how was female beauty represented? What jewellery and clothing did they wear? How did women enhance and emphasise their beauty? How were women represented in Minoan and Mycenaean art? And what did beauty mean to the people of Bronze Age Europe?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ancient Greeks Apartan

Documentary | Ancient Greeks Golden Age | BBC Documentary

 Documentary | Ancient Greeks Spartan | BBC Documentary | National Geographic History Chann

THE ULTIMATE FASHION HISTORY: Ancient Greece

 In this episode of The Ultimate Fashion History, "it's all Greek to me"! And it will be to you, too, as we look at clothing in The Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic eras. Enjoy.

 

Pagan Things We All  Do

 

  Activities That Can Be Traced Back to Pagan Culture

 Links between holiday traditions and pagan culture are well established - and occasionally celebrated - but there are also a lot of misconceptions about paganism that make the word itself a bit taboo.

Paganism isn't something to be feared or shunned. In Latin, "pagan" was simply the word for villager or civilian. Religious connotations that developed during the Middle Ages made pagans into heathens rather than outsiders.

With all that in mind, there continues to be a pervasive presence of paganism in the modern world.

 The Minoans on the Crete Island

The Minotaur's island

 

 

 

Did The Amazons Really Exist? Truth Behind Myths Of Fierce Female Warriors

 

 

The White Roman Empire

 The preface last 14 minutes and the main text starts at 14:47 mark. The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, a major literary achievement, was written by the celebrated English historian Edward Gibbon. [History] The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume 1, Part 1, Audiobook

[History] The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume 1, Part 1 ...

The main text starts at 01:28 mark. [History Audiobook] History of Julius Caesar (by Jacob Abbott)

[History Audiobook] History of Julius Caesar11,820 views

Julius Caesar Crossing the Rhine

Biggest city in the western world until London during the Industrial Revolution and the biggest city the world had ever seen until it was supposedly equaled by Chang'an in China in 700.. But that assumes the 1 million population number. If Rome actually had 2 million residents, it remained the biggest city that the world had EVER seen until the 1840-1850 when London topped 2 million!!!! London passed Beijing in the late 1820's and had grown to almost 2 million by 1840. It remainded the biggest city of the world until it was passed by the New York metro area in 1925.

Ancient Rome

 

100 Proofs The Israelite's Were White (REPOST)

 Many dug up Egyptian mummies from the early dynasties show them with distinct white features, such as blue eyes, blonde or red hair.

   White German Tribes

There are books written by people who lived during the time of the Roman empire about the Germanic tribes who lived in today's Germany, Holland and Demark. The Germania (Latin: De Origine et situ Germanorum, literally The Origin and Situation of the Germans), written by Gaius Cornelius Tacitus around 98, is an ethnographic work on the Germanic tribes outside the Roman Empire. Germania fits squarely within the tradition established by authors from Herodotus to Julius Caesar. Tacitus himself had already written a similar essay on the lands and tribes of Britannia in his Agricola. The Germania begins with a description of the lands, laws, and customs of the Germanic people; it then segues into descriptions of individual tribes, beginning with those dwelling closest to Roman lands and ending on the uttermost shores of the Baltic, among the amber-gathering Aesti, the primitive and savage Fenni, and the unknown tribes beyond them. (Summary from Wikipedia.) [The Pre-History of the Germanic peoples] Germania (Ancient History Audiobook) by Publius Cornelius Tacitus (Roman historian).

The Pre History of the Germanic Peoples Germania Ancient ... - YouTube

WAR COMMENTARIES OF CAESAR - GERMAN INVASION OF GAUL - CROSSING THE RHINE 55 B.C. BOOK 4

WAR COMMENTARIES OF CAESAR - GERMAN INVASION OF GAUL - CROSSING THE RHINE 55 B.C. PART 4

 European Germanic Tribes

Armanius lead a 1st time unified German army in 9-AD, in the Toutoburg Forest Germania defeats 3 Roman legions(20,000men) lead by Quintilius Varus. History channel "Warriors".

There was no Germany, the area called Germania was divided by many tribes.

  Germania defeats Roman oppressors, WARRIORS

The Germanic tribes were not "undisciplined". They lived an entire culture of constant impending combat and they were, also to a man, ENTIRELY disciplined as warriors. They used formations, spears, slings, axes, shields, swords AND javelins, so essentially all the same weapons the Romans used minus siege weaponry. They even used formations, specifically the boars head.

Since Thomas Gordon's translation of Tacitus' work on the ancient Germans is in the public domain.

Tacitus on Germany

1000 AD - A Tour of Europe / Medieval History Documentary

 

 

 White Vikings

The west coast of Greenland was the site of a thriving Viking colony for hundreds of years. Originally settled by explorers who had bravely sailed across the treacherous North Atlantic from their homes in Scandinavia, the Greenland outpost grew into a farming community of thousands.

The Lost Vikings

The crap history we have been fed of "Columbus discovering America" is CRAP History.....the VIKINGS have been 100% archaeologically PROVEN to landed and settled in Canada, the Canadian Arctic, Greenland and Iceland over 400 YEARS before the voyage of Columbus to.....Puerto Rico....! So you can cancel that fake news chapter from ALL history books........and it is also a fact that Chinese artefacts have been found in Mexico and California.....some 650 years before Columbus ran smack dab into Puerto Rico......more to follow.....and there has just been archaeological evidence of early settlement in Alaska and northern British Columbia Canada.....some 1600 years before Columbus stuck his sea-sick nose into Puerto Rico.....

The Ancient History of the Vikings 1

Vikings - Helvegen

Bronze Age Vikings | Prehistoric Scandinavian Rock Art

 Prehistoric Scandinavian rock art displays scenes of warriors and long, narrow boats. Are these figures showing some kind of Bronze Age Vikings? The world famous ancient petroglyphs in Sweden, dating to the Nordic Bronze Age, portray a world of sword-wielding warriors and their ships. But these figures - holding aloft axes and spears and shields - are usually said to be carrying out rituals, not warfare. Is that true? Are there any scenes of violence here amongst the thousands of weapon-bearers? If this is about ritual then what were the rituals for? And what can all this tell us about the lives of these seaborne Nordic warriors who lived 3500 years ago?

Quick History of Europe

 This video shows the borders and populations of each country in Europe, for every year since 400 BC. Vassal states and colonies are not included in the count of a country's population.

  The History of Europe: Every Year

 This video shows the rulers of European countries, for every year since 400 BC. 

The Rulers of Europe: Every Year

 

Guanche Canary island whites

 

 Kalash the White Tribe

 

I do not advise you what you should believe or not believe.

But I do advise you that we all need to learn as much as we can about everything we can.

Because one thing I have learned in my life is that most of what we have ever been taught has been a lie.

 

 

What did Plato really mean with this quote 'Those who are too ...

 

Genocide is promoted by Globalist promoting Marxism World Govenrment

How Every White Country is Being Forced to Have Third Immigration Invaders to replace and Genocide Europeans

“A Shared Responsibility” – How Every White Country is Being Forced to Have Third World Immigration

LouisMarschalko "The World Co •

I think you underestimate that fact that Communism was created by Judaism.

“Some call it Marxism – I call it Judaism.”
Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, in the American Bulletin of May 15, 1935

“The revolution in Russia is a Jewish revolution”
The Maccabean (New York), Nov. 1905, p, 250

“Jewry is the mother of Marxism.”
Le Droit de Vivre, May 12, 1936

“Judaism is Marxism, communism”
Harry Waton, A Program for the Jews and an Answer to All Anti-Semites (New York: Committee for the Preservation of the Jews, 1939), p. 64

“The communist soul is the soul of Judaism.”
Harry Waton, A Program for the Jews and an Answer to All Anti-Semites (New York: Committee for the Preservation of the Jews, 1939), p. 143

The Globalist and mainstream media promote white genocide

Kalergi-Plan Part II - The "JQ" & Hypocrisy

Race-Mixing

Muhammad Ali Vehemently Disapproves Of Race Mixing

The Race-Mixing Controversy

A Message To Race Traitor White Women

Most European languages are from a single language called the Indo-European Language.

 The Indo-European Connection

Europeans who want to teach Europeans their culture need to build a Community Based Organization

Community Organization and Building - 3-30-16 Lecture

The article on right. The B'nai B'rith Jewish Community Based service organization operates nationally and internationally and represents Jews only. Many Jews are nationalist behind the scenes; and in public they promote conservative, liberal, socialist, communist ideas.

Jewish organizations are collective community based organizations, bringing together many groups under national and international congresses all over the world.

Jews are united nationally, internationally and are a nation within a nation with their own government. 

White gentile organizations in the United States, Australia, Britain, and Europe are not community based organizations, they are conservative structured.  Conservative organizations are not collectives and do not build Anti-Defamation organizations to fight for people rights and  do not promote community services to their people.  They do not have national or international congresses to unite them. 

Alex Jones (Infowars) said conservative will not defeat the globalist only nationalist will do that. Alex was talking about national ideas and organizations.

20-12-2018

White Indigenous Rights